... hierarchy identified the types of choices that either language makes available and relating these choices. There are three types of choices: optional choices; obligatory choices and zero. For example, ... Content and Channel - Setting: the time and place of speech determine its form - Participants: there are four participant roles: addressor; speaker, addressee and audience. - Purpose: Every speech ... hears, sees and feels. (Canh, LV, 2004, p37). Cognitive psychologists are therefore interested in the mental processes that are involved in learning. Cognitive psychology is based on the assumptions...