ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 10 pdf
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 10 pdf
... 1968 and 2006. Eighty-twopercent of these papers applied experimental designs appropriate for analysis of variance (ANOVA)or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and did not draw on available ecological ... individuals of the same species. Finally and as detailed inlater chapters, interspecies interactions are also important, including balancing activities associatedwith foraging and predator avoidance ... Kosian, P .A. , Makynen, E .A. , Jensen, K.M., and Ankley, G.T., Stage- and species-specific devel-opmental toxicity of all-trans retinoic acid in four native North American Ranids and Xenopus laevis.Toxicol....
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf
... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophictransfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003,Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... estu-ary, which have high levels of cancer deaths (18% of all deaths) (Martineau et al. 2002). Thesewhales are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and display annual cancer rates(163 ... human autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis involves chronicinflammation at the synovial membrane of joints. This inflammation gradually damages joint tissues.Inhalation of zinc-rich particulate...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 24 pdf
... bioassays and species abundance data were collected, but onlycanonical discriminant analysis of macroinvertebrate species abundance data are presentedhere. Canonical variables, linear combinations ... right along the first axis, reflecting an increase in abundance ofChironomidae, Planorbidae, Hirudinea, and Lymnaeidea, and a decrease in Gammaridae andAsellidae.© 2008 by Taylor & Francis ... overarching idea is that multivariate analysis of the measured variables canreveal hidden or unmeasured qualities.As with most parametric analyses, transformation of species abundance data is...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 34 pdf
... and contaminant transport, certain landscapecharacteristics can also influence factors that regulate contaminant bioavailability. Variation amongwatersheds in pH, water hardness and other factors ... thousand (‰ or per mill). The average δ15N increase with eachtrophic exchange is 3.4‰ (Cabana and Rasmussen 1994, Minawaga and Wada 1984), but it can varyfrom 1.3‰ to 5.3‰ (Minawaga and Wada ... a similar framework employedfor PCBs, Thomann and Komlos (1999) developed a steady-state food web model for PAHs andapplied this model using data from a small creek in Alabama (USA). Biota-sediment...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 35 pdf
... T.M., Pancotto, V .A. , Flint, S.D., Ballare, C.L., Sala, O.E., Scopel, A. L., and Caldwell, M.M.,Six years of solar UV-B manipulations affect growth of Sphagnum and vascular plants in a Tierra DelFuego ... UV-B radi-ation occur at higher elevations (increasing by approximately 20% for each 100 0 m), placing alpineand subalpine ecosystems at considerable risk (Blumthaler and Ambach 1990, Sommaruga ... exposure of aquatic organisms to UV-B. Kellyet al. (2003) manipulated UV -A and UV-B levels in streams with varying amounts of riparianvegetation. Chlorophyll a biomass and C accrual were lower...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx
... United States of America on acid-free paper 109 87654321International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana-tion, holism, and macroexplanation. ... soughtat a lower level via reductionism after observation of a consistent association at a level. The initialobservation of a consistent association was probably made in what many would describe as...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx
... in adults in that particular part ofthe estuary.particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisanceblue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take anautecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topicmight be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to salinity ... the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individualorganism. Models and associated concepts applied to toxicant bioaccumulation in individuals estab-lish the foundation...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt
... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.In such a case, more metal ion is available ... FunctionorpurposeAssociated processMetabolism(anabolismand catabolism)Translation TranscriptionExcretion,respiration,detoxification,and sequestrationMaintainsoma, controlagingMaintain andincrease ... translation activities can provide evidence of response to a toxicant. As anexample, El-Alfy and Schlenk (1998) discovered that up-regulation of a monooxygenase in Japanesemedaka (Oryzias latipes)...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx
... cerebellum(Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in somefoods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness(LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insectshave Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocytesin other parts ... 2004), nickel (Pane et al. 2004), zinc (Matthiessen and Brafield 1973), endosulfan(Saravana Bhavan and Geraldine 2000), the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Trienskorn et al.2004), and alkyl benzene...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt
... suchas lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman andKlaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weightgreater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na+/K+-ATPase activity(Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver in rainbowtrout ... crucial to consider. Aparticulate-associated metal that is taken into thecell by phagocytosis can dissolve within the cell and cause an adverse effect. A lead halide particleinhaled deeply can...
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