... crossbreeding, in most of the cases, except in India, there is no established long term policy in livestock development. After the initial success of crossbreeding programmes in the 70s in augmenting ... (SAP), the sale or home consumption of milk, meat, dung, and skin of the animals and the sale of surplus animals for breeding and meat are the main sources of economic returns of cattle and buffalo ... sustain the genetic improvement in the crossbred animals, the progeny testing of the crossbred bulls should be initiated at the earliest in all the countries, either independently or jointly...