... alanine, serine and proline but also osmolytes such as sarcosine and betaine, and the D-enantiomers of serine and alanine. The apparent affinities of PAT1 substrates are mainly in the range of 2 15 mM [1, 2,4 ,6,9]. ... glycine and alanine were a ble to induce comparableinward currents in oocytes expressing PAT2 with a h ighaffinity interaction ( Fig. 1A and Table 1) . T he elongationof the side chain by just ... side ch ain w ith c orrespondingamino acid residues in the binding pocket. Whether otherproline derivates also serve as substrates of PAT2, asrecently shown for its paralog PAT1 [11 ], is p...