A Practical Theory of Programming potx

... symmetry A, (B,C) = (A, B),C associativity A A = A idempotence A B = B A symmetry A (B‘C) = (A B)‘C associativity A, B: C = A: C ∧ B: C A: B‘C = A: B ∧ A: C A: A, B generalization A B: A specialization A: ... program. A programmer must be able to translate informal descriptions to formal ones. A statement in a natural language can be vague, ambiguous, or subtle, and can rely on a great deal of cultural ... the scope of informally introduced names and axioms is not always clear. In this chapter we present a formal notation for introducing a local name and axiom. A variable is a name that is introduced...

Essays Towards a Theory of Knowledge potx

... forth are thephenomenal expression of the laws of energetic transmutation in which we partake and of which we areorganically a part, however apparently separate and disparate our bodies may seem ... vainly hoped to attain a knowledge of Nature and natural laws.The principle was in itself unsound.Towards a Theory of Knowledge, by Alexander Philip 13The necessary laws of our rational faculty ... suggested enables us to proceed at once to a rational explanation of Sensation.Sensation is obstructed action. A detailed consideration of as many as you like to take of the myriadconstituents of our...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A COMFUTATIONAL THEORY OF THE FUNCTION OF CLUE WORDS IN ARGUMENT UNDERSTANDING" potx

... A COMFUTATIONAL THEORY OF THE FUNCTION OF CLUE WORDS IN ARGUMENT UNDERSTANDING Robin Cohen Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 'lDronto, CANADA MSS IA4 A~ TNACT ... typical signals of each form. In [Cohen 83] we develop a computational model for argument analysis. The setting is a dialogue where the speaker tries to convince the hearer of a particular ... Research Report No. 76-2 [Quirk 72] Quirk, R. et al. ; A Grammar of Contemporary English; Longmans Co., London [Reichman 81] Reichman, R.; "Plain Speaking: A Theory and Grammar of Spontaneous...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Selectionist Theory of Language Acquisition" docx

... grammars. 2.6 Learning in a Parametric Space Suppose that natural language grammars vary in a parametric space, as cross-linguistic studies sug- gest. 3 We can then study the dynamical behaviors ... seen examples. Many variants and gener- alizations of this scheme are studied in Atkinson et al. (1965), and their thorough mathematical treat- ments can be found in Narendra and Thathac!lar (1989). ... models of language acquisition have difficulties explaining certain developmental facts in child language. 1.1 Against Statistical Learning An empiricist approach to language acquisition has...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A FORMAL REPRESERTATION OF PROPOSITIONS" potx

... equacy. 3. PHASE-0PERATORS A phase-operator is a mapping with phase-sets as arguments and values. There are phase-operators with one and with two arguments. A two-place phase- operator P-O(PI,P ... way U becomes a part of a model of the whole formalism. This is inde- pendent of the fact, that in definitions and explanations U may appear for mak- ing clear what is meant. 7 • TEMPORAL ... yesterda~ was bad weather. Overlapping of (yesterday> and a T- phase of (bad weather>. (3) John worked the whole evening. A T-phase of ( evening> is contained in a T-phase of (John...

TOWARDS A GENERAL THEORY OF BOND MARKETS pptx

... WKDWM[MAM[M ey IRU nQLWH W+HQFHMHbMAMHbM ey M[MAM[M ey 6LQFHM'M ey WKH SURSHUW\  KROGV E\ YLUWXH RI WKH HOHPHQWDU\ LQHTXDOLW\Hbb'&MHbMAMHbM ... Hb, <ey',exby ',exb<y  ', <bey>Hb,b', @ex )exb<y>Hb,b', @<eyZKHUH )  Hb,b',  7KH ... DQG a k W   RWKHUZLVH &OHDUO\ a k PHHWV WKHQHFHVVDU\ PHDVXUDELOLW\ UHTXLUHPHQWV )XUWKHUPRUH WKHUH LV a k ZKLFK LV PHDVXUDEOH LQ WKHVDPH ZD\ DQG VXFK WKDW DOO WKH VHFWLRQV a k...

So, you want to go to grad school in Economics? A practical guide of the first years (for outsiders) from insiders pptx

... his regard. He 6must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near to earth as a politician.” Aware that we may converge ... who are at the same level as you are. In this way you can work together and learn the material 8together, and take advantage of comparative skills. Remember: The important thing is to learn, ... examinations, qualifier examinations, among others. The names vary from program to program. 11pass the examinations. If you do, you can jump on to new, more advanced classes and devote all...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Practical Comparison of Parsing Strategies" docx

... A Practical Comparison of Parsing Strategies Jonathan Slocum Siemens Corporation INTRODUCTION Although the literature dealing with formal and natural languages abounds with theoretical arguments ... thoroughly. Data was gathered for 35 variables measuring various aspects of behavior, including general information (13 variables), search space (8 variables), processing time (7 variables), and mamory ... parsing efficiency transcends the issue of mere practicality. At slow-to-average parsing rates, the cost of verifying linguistic theories on a large, general sample of natural language can...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Computational Theory of ProseStyle for Natural Language Generation" ppt

... The Ashanti are an AKAN-speaking people of central Ghana and neighboring regions of Togo and Ivory Coast, numbering more than 900,000. They subsist primarily by farming cacao, a major cash ... primarily by farming cacao. Thb is a major cash crop. 1 ~ paragraphs, two styles 187 The first two of these paragraphs are extracted from the Academic American Encyclopedia; they are the ... African people. They live in West Africa in a country called Ghana and in parts of Togo and the Ivory Coast. There are about 900DO0 people in this tribe, and they speak a language named AKAN....

The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation

... the materiality of animation. A third common approach bypasses textual questions and the mate-riality of animation in favor of sociological and anthropological readings: anime is a source of ... questions about the material and technical speciﬁcity of animation that lie prior to any elaboration of animation form. I found it necessary to ground my reading of animations in a theory of animation ... Takayuki, and Ueno Toshiya, as well as my friends Tsuzura Junji and Narita Makoto. In the course of translating essays by Kotani Mari and O¯tsuka Eiji and supervising a translation of Azuma...

Xem thêm