...
Zadeh, L .A. , Acomputational approach to fuzzy quantifiers in
natural languages,
Computers and Mathematics Y
(198 3a)
149-184.
Zadeh, L .A. , Linguistic variables, approximate reasoning and ... be a fuzzy set
in A (e.g.,
U A cars
and
A ~ station wagons).
The
definition ofa
typical
element ofA may be expressed in verbal
terms as follows:
t is a
typical
element ofA if and ...
3. For each
Namei,
find the degree to which
Name i
is
young:
ai A ~YOUNG[Age=Ai ] ,
where
a i
may be interpreted as the grade of
314
6' ~ A and B
EAA
F A B andD ,
and Qa= Q1...
...
The Ashanti are an AKAN-speaking people of
central Ghana and neighboring regions of Togo and
Ivory Coast, numbering more than 900,000. They
subsist primarily by farming cacao, a major cash ... to a clause, another sentence add,~cl tO a
paragraph, and so on.
Which attachment points exist at any moment is a
function of the surface structure's configuration at that
moment and ...
relative clauses, not all full clauses can be reduced
to participial adjectives.
2. The characteristics of the available attachment
points, especiafly the grammatical constraints that
they...
... that their sys-
tem represents a powerful way of dealing with su-
perlatives computationally, a closer inspection of
their approach, and in particular of the gold stan-
dard data set, reveals ... Elements ofaComputational Treat-
ment of Superlatives
For an interpretation of comparisons, two things
are generally of interest: What is being compared,
and with respect to what this comparison ... IS -A relation that holds between target and
comparison set (cf. Relation 2 in Section 3). They
68
are a good initial focus for acomputational ap-
proach because both their target and comparison...
... modeled as a
pop-
ulation
of "grammars", the set of all principled lan-
guage variations made available by the biological en-
dowment of the human language faculty. Each gram-
mar ... grammars.
2.6 Learning in a Parametric Space
Suppose that natural language grammars vary in
a parametric space, as cross-linguistic studies sug-
gest. 3 We can then study the dynamical behaviors ... seen examples. Many variants and gener-
alizations of this scheme are studied in Atkinson et
al. (1965), and their thorough mathematical treat-
ments can be found in Narendra and Thathac!lar
(1989)....
... generating adequate meanings for a
locative expression in a particular situation, is our
benchmark for representational adequacy.
The spatial meaning Ofa projective preposi-
tional predication ... ideational view of linguistic meaning which,
it seems, is an anathema to computational lin-
guists. In this paper we take a serious, if infor-
mal, look at Ronald Langacker's theoryof Cogni- ... is a conceptualiza-
tion of the space around a reference object as six
4Natural language
sentences are parsed to three
branch quantifiers using a prolog DCG grammar, the
logical predicates...
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... M. Sato, M. Nakagawa and N.
Makoshi. 2004. Tele-Synopsis for Biblical Research:
Development of NLP based Synoptic Software for Text
Analysis as a Mediator of Educational Technology and
Knowledge ... linguistic and literary-critical approaches
to text-reuse analysis, and can be especially help-
ful when dealing with a large amount of candidate
source texts.
Acknowledgements
This work grew out ofa ... both a simplification of and an ex-
tension to the one advocated in (Barzilay and El-
hadad, 2003). On the one hand, we perform no para-
graph clustering or mapping before sentence align-
ment. Ancient...
... effects are contradic-
tory.
A reasonable view of LetterGen's approach is
that there is a acr/pt associated with each speech act
that captures the causal chain of effects that poten-
tlally ... edges can be traversed (although hey are
1023
A Computational Model of Social Perlocutions
David Pautler and Alex Quilici
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Department of Electrical Engineering ... expressing a demand
can bring about compliance, anger, or both, and
similarly, anger can be caused by a variety of other
acts, such as issuing a threat. In Figure 3, both
praising and apologizing are...
... "Investigation of
Processing Strategies for the Structural Analysis
of Arguments"; Proceedings of ACL 81
LCohen 83J Cohen, R.; AComputational Model for
the Analysis of Arguments; ... Research Report No. 76-2
[Quirk 72] Quirk, R. et al. ; A
Grammar
of
Contemporary English; Longmans Co., London
[Reichman 81] Reichman, R.; "Plain Speaking: A
Theory and Grammar of Spontaneous ... rather say
78 The alternative is
[Note 77 and 78 are whole phrases].
II Attitudinal expressions
These adverbs indicate a degree of belief of the
speaker.
primarily, principally, especially,...
... eztend/retraet can be
analyzed as a modifier of cycle, a process word. Fuze
setter, a part name, can be treated as a unit because
noun sequences consisting of part names are generally
local in nature. ... ). In addition, it can be a repair action (alignment,
repair), an assistance actions ( assistance ), and so on.
Only modifiers with appropriate semantic and syntactic
category can be adjoined. ... the Oflace of Naval
Research and the Ofllce of Naval Technology PE-62721N.
The author gratefully acknowledges the efforts of Joan
Bachenko, Judy Froseher, and Ralph Grishman in pro-
ceasing...
... (healthily)
nominal - adnominal
keiko no (Keiko-GEN), g~nki na (healthy)
verbal - adverbial
waratte (laugh-and), amaku (sweetly)
verbal - adnominal
warau (that laughs), amakatta (that was sweet) ...
Tonology. Kaitakusha, Tokyo.
Kaplan, Ronald and Joan Bresnan (1982) Lexical
Functional Grammar: A Formal System for
Grammatical Representation. in The Mental
Representation of
Grammatical Relations, ... argue instead for
the theory assumed here, and a preliminary
treatment is presented.
A CATEGORIAL UNIFICATION APPROACH
TO JAPANESE
I will identify the fundamental unit of Japanese
syntax...
... fundamental than character animation for understanding animation as a
moving image. The various art tasks associated with animating characters—key
frames, in-between animation, clean-up, and ... Kotani Mari, Nakagawa Shigemi, Tatsumi Takayuki,
and Ueno Toshiya, as well as my friends Tsuzura Junji and Narita Makoto. In the
course of translating essays by Kotani Mari and O
¯
tsuka Eiji ... some of the questions that use of the ani-
mation stand raises about the status of the apparatus. As I mentioned above, film
studies today shies away from apparatus theory because it smacks of...
... Sentence-initial 'then' and sentence-
final 'at the time' and 'at the same time' are also
included, although we do not discuss their analysis
here. There is a range of verbs, ...
times: the semantics of 'then'. To appear in a
forthcoming issue of
Natural Language Seman-
tics,
1993.
[Glasbey, msl] Sheila Glasbey.
Event Structure in
Natural Language Discourse. ...
climb(X,Y)
al
named(X,'Emily')
named(Y,'Ben Nevis')
Figure 2: An EKN proposition abstract or 'type'.
anchored to an individual named 'Emily' and Y to an
individual...
... works that the artist himself was aware of. Often
paintings contain homages to earlier artists and this concept of homage fits what we
have said about caricature: the later artist makes a caricature ... evocative of the ‘Sringara Rasa’ or ‘Kama rasa’ (sexual and amorous
ecstasy) because the artist is providing a ‘caricature’ that exaggerates the amorous
pose. It is as though the artist was been ... produce beautiful drawings. The animal drawings
of the eight-year old artist Nadia, for instance, are almost as aesthetically pleasing as
those of Leonardo da Vinci! (Plate 8). We would argue that this...