PUTTING WOMEN’S HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES ON THE MAP: Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities at the State Level potx

... builds on the important contributions of many researchers and organizations in the areas of women’s health and health care disparities at both the national and state level. 4 Nationally, one-third ... PENNSYLVANIA PUTTING WOMEN’S HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES ON THE MAP: Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities at the State Level JUNE 2009 Putting Women’s HealtH Care DisParities on tHe maP13METHODSMETHODSCONCEPTUAL ... indicators. Notably, both states had relatively small populations of minority women. Arizona was the state with the least segregated population.CONCLUSIONS Putting Women’s Health Care Disparities...

... FROM THE KAISER WOMEN’S HEALTH SURVEY 1 INTRODUCTION Health care has long been a priority issue for women, and women’s health and access to care were central issues in the lead up to the passage ... by telephone in the Spring and Summer of 2008. This survey builds on prior Kaiser Family Foundation surveys on women’s health, conducted in 2001 and 2004, when the economy was much stronger. This ... survey was conducted in the early days of the recession in 2008, and economic conditions have become much worse since the data were collected. This chartbook provides the latest data on major...

... communities and a common aim of working to improve the health status of women. Strategies incorporated by Women’s Health Centres include preventative health care, community education and development, ... coordinated approach to policy and planning, staff development, training, education and consultation between members, NSW Health and other government and non-government agencies. There are ... environmental and economic, influence women’s health status, their need of health services and their ability to access appropriate services. In particular women’s health needs stem from the...

... Insurance, and Language Status of Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations, 81 Racial Attitudes and Discrimination in the United States, 90 The Context of Healthcare Delivery for Racial and Ethnic ... INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 29Study Charge and Committee Assumptions, 30 The Relationship Between Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status and Healthcare, 35Why Are Racial and Ethnic Disparities ... Disparities in Healthcare Important?, 36Evidence of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare, 38Summary, 772 THE HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT AND ITSRELATION TO DISPARITIES 80 The Health, Health Insurance,...

... NorwayLatvia IcelandLithuania LiechtensteinData and Information on Women’s Health in the European Union Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav CarusResearch Association Public Health Saxony and Saxony-AnhaltTechnische ... expectancy data and provides information on the quality of years lived rather than the quantity. HLYs also provide information on the structural and nancial burdens the health care system faces ... overview of the state of women’s health in the European Union. The report focuses on women aged 15 years and older in the 27 EU-Member States, as well as the EEA countries Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein,...

... information12regarding matters relating to health informa-13tion and health promotion, preventive health1 4services, research advances, and education in15 the appropriate use of health care; 16‘‘(B) ... projects in women’s health that22should be conducted or supported by the Agency;23‘‘(4) consult with health professionals, non-24governmental organizations, consumer organizations,25 women’s health ... non-13governmental organizations, consumer organizations,14 women’s health professionals, and other individuals15 and groups, as appropriate, on the policy of the Cen-16ters with regard to women; and1 7‘‘(5)...

... consult with health professionals, non-12governmental organizations, consumer organizations,13 women’s health professionals, and other individuals14 and groups, as appropriate, on Administration ... for women’s health and, as3relevant and appropriate, coordinate with other ap-4propriate offices on activities within the Administra-5tion that relate to health care provider training,6 health ... projects in women’s health that6should be conducted or supported by the Agency;7‘‘(4) consult with health professionals, non-8governmental organizations, consumer organizations,9 women’s health...

... section in consultation with the Director of19 the Office of Research on Women’s Health and with the2 0advisory council for the Institute.21‘‘(b) RESEARCH, TRAINING, AND INFORMATION AND 22EDUCATION.—23‘‘(1) ... is conducting multidisci-15plinary research on environmental factors that may be re-16lated to the development of women’s health conditions (as17defined in section 486). The Director of the ... Environmental Health Sciences to develop and operate multidisciplinaryresearch centers regarding the impact of environmentalfactors on women’s health and disease prevention.Be it enacted by the Senate and...

... 109twoeventsiscalculatedbysubtractingthedateoffirstintercoursesincemenarchefromthedateoffirstmarriage.Iffirstintercourseaftermenarcheoccurredafterfirstmarriage,orbotheventsoccurredinthesamemonth,itisindicatedaccordinglyintable26.Monthspregnantwhenprenatalcarebegan—Forallpregnanciesendinginanywayotherthaninducedabortionin1991–95,womenwereaskedtoreportiftheyhadevervisitedadoctor,midwife,orclinicforprenatalcare.Thosewhoreportedanyprenatalcarewerethenaskedhowmanyweeksormonthspregnanttheywerewhentheyfirstwentforprenatalcare.ThePNCAREWKrecodeindicatesthenumberofweekspregnantatfirstprenatalvisit.Table83givesthepercentdistributionofPNCAREWKforallpregnanciesthatresultedinlivebirthin1991–95 .The categoriesshownare‘‘lessthan3months,’’‘‘3–4months,’ and ‘5monthsormoreornoprenatalcare.’’‘‘Lessthan3months’’isdefinedaslessthan13weeks,tobeconsistentwiththedefinitionofearly(firsttrimester)prenatalcareinpreviousreportsfromtheNSFG.Mother’seducation(recode=EDUCMOM)—‘‘Mother’seducation’’wasclassifiedaccordingtothehighestgradeofregularschoolorcollegecompletedbytherespondent’smotherormother-figure.ThismeasurediffersslightlyfrompastNSFGreportsthatwerebasedonaquestionaskingforeducationof‘‘mother’’or‘‘stepmother.’’TheCycle5versiondiffersbecausetheidentityofthemotherormother-figurewasascertainedinamorepreciseway:ifthechildhoodlivingarrangementsshowedthattherespondentlivedwithhernaturalmotheratsomepointandneverlivedwithafemaleparentotherthanthenaturalmother,thenthenaturalmotheristhepersonaboutwhomeducationwasasked.Otherwise ,the respondentwasasked:‘‘Who,ifanyone,doyouthinkofasthewomanwhomostlyraisedyouwhenyouwereateenager?’’Thepersonreportedbecomesthepersonaboutwhomeducationisasked.Respondentseligibleforthatquestionwereallowedtorespond‘‘nosuchperson,’ and 0.7percentofsamplecasesfellintothiscategory.Thiscategoryislabeled‘‘nomother-figureidentified’’inthetables.Anadditional4.3percentofinterviewedwomenhadmissingdataonmother’seducation,andthesevaluesfortheEDUCMOMrecodewereimputed.Nonvoluntaryfirstsexualintercourse—Thevoluntary/nonvoluntarystatusoffirstintercoursewasdeterminedfromtwoquestionsintheinterviewer-administeredinterview.First,respondentswereasked:‘‘LookingatthescaleonCardC-3,whichnumberwouldyousaycomesclosesttodescribinghowmuchyouwantedthatfirstsexualintercoursetohappen ?On thisscale,a1meansthatyoureallydidn’twantittohappenatthetime ,and a10meansthatyoureallywantedittohappen.’’Womenwhorespondedtothisquestionthattheirfirstintercoursewasarapeareclassifiedashavingnonvoluntaryfirstintercourse.Respondentswhoreportedanythingotherthan‘‘rape’’wereasked:‘‘Wouldyousaythenthatthisfirstsexualintercoursewasvoluntaryornotvoluntary?’’Respondentsanswering‘‘notvoluntary’’arealsoclassifiedashavingnonvoluntaryfirstintercourseforthetable(table21).Numberofhusbandsorcohabitingpartners—TherecodeFMARNOgivesthenumberoftimesawomanhasbeenlegallymarried.Womenwerealsoaskedthenumberofothercohabitingpartnerstheymayhavehad.Table37isbasedonthetotalnumberofhusbandsandcohabitingpartners,computedasfollows:FMARNO+(1ifcurrentlycohabiting)+(#ofothercohabitingpartners)Husbandswithwhomawomanalsocohabited(outsideofmarriage)arecountedonlyonce,ashusbands.Numberofmalesexualpartners—Eachwomanwhohadeverhadvoluntarysexualintercousewasaskedtoreportthenumberorrange(low-high)ofmaleswithwhomshehashadsexual(vaginal)intercourseinherlife,asofthedateofinterview.ShewasalsoaskedtoreporthernumberofmalesexualpartnerssinceJanuary1991(roughlythelast5years)andinthelast12months.Ifarangeofpartnerswasreported ,the numberofpartnerswascalculatedastheaverageofthelowandhighnumbers.Inthosefewcaseswheretherespondentreportedzeropartnersforthelowendoftherangeandonepartnerforthehighend,thenumberofpartnerswassetequaltoone.Respondentswhohadneverhadintercourseorwhohadonlyhad(first)nonvoluntaryintercoursewereassignedzero.Thereweretwoversionsofthisseriesofthreequestionsaboutnumberofmalesexualpartners.Thedescriptionaboveappliestotheversionintheinterviewer-administeredportionofthesurvey,andtheseresultsarepresentedintables27,29 ,and3 1.ThesequestionswererepeatedintheAudioCASI,orself-administered,portionofthesurvey,attheendoftheinterview.Eachpairofquestions(interviewer-administeredandself-administered)waswordedalmostidentically,althoughtheAudioCASIquestionsaskedforaspecificnumberanddidnotallowarangetobegiven.Also,thequestionsintheself-administeredportionwereprefacedbythefollowinginstruction:‘‘ ... variables in the datafile (CONSTAT2—CONSTAT4), but thisreport presents only the CONSTAT1recode, which indicates the mosteffective contraceptive method currentlyin use by the respondent.+ Noncontraceptors:Nonsurgically ... women’s health in the United States. The NSFG supplements and complements the data from the National Vital Statistics System on births, marriage and divorce, fetal death, and infant mortality (1). The...