... title.) Theoretical framework Theoretical frameworks underpinning this study include Marilyn Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, later augmented by Turkel in the development of the Theory of ... frameworks - Marilyn Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, and Turkel’s Theory of Relational Complexity espousing economic as well as caring variables. METHODS: Exploratory mixed-method descriptive ... Teaching Professor of Nursing, University of Missouri @ St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63005, USA 2. Assistant Professor of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 40601,...