flexible ac transmission systems (14)
flexible ac transmission systems (14)
... 270auto-regressive (AR) model, 297back-to-back, 24balanced system, 224bay control level, 270, 275building blocks, 261bus voltage control, 47bus-impedance method, 139capacitive compensation, 31centralized ... system, 40IGBT, 6IGCT, 6impedance (reactance) control, 47impedance compensation, 95Implicit Bus-Impedance Method, 139increase of transmission capacity, 248induction motor load, 326inductive ... 16packaging, 7parallel path, 272participation factor, 342Phase Shifting Regulation, 65Phase Shifting Transformer, 4, 239Phasor Measurement Units, 289PMU, 289polar coordinates, 28pole placement,...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (2)
... such technologies is Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) [15][16]. As discussed in Chapter 1, within thefamily of the converter based FACTS, there are a number of FACTS devicesavailable, ... following parameters, ( a) the active power flow of the transmission line,(b) the reactive power flow the transmission line, (c) the bus voltage, and (d)the impedance of the transmission line, will ... that the transmission line is series connected via the SSSCbus j. The active and reactive power flows of the SSSC branch i-j entering the busj are equal to the sending end active and reactive...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (3)
... Fig. 3.5. can control both active and reactivepower flows of primary line 1 but only active power flow (or reactive power flow)of secondary line 2. The active and reactive power f l ow control ... Modeling of Multi-Converter FACTS in Power Flow Analysis3.2.3.2 Enforcement of Practical Constraints of FACTSThe practical current and active power exchange of the FACTS-devices of case 6of the ... ,inQ (n=j, k) are the active andreactive power flows of two IPFC branches leaving busi whileniP,niQ( n=j,k)are the active and reactive power flows of the series FACTS branchn-i leavingbusn...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (4)
... Equalities of GUPFCThe GUPFC shown in Fig. 4.1 can control both active and reactive power flows ofthe two transmission lines. The active and reactive power flow control constraintsof the GUPFC are given ... operation ofpower systems, facilitate the development of competitive electric energy markets,and stipulate the unbundling the power generation from transmission and mandateopen access to transmission ... control of ac- tive and reactive power flows in line 12-15. Suppose the FACTS bus'15is created, and assume that the sending end of the transmission line 12-15is now connected with the FACTS...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (5)
... the active and reactive loads of phase p atbusi.5.2.2.2 Power and Voltage Mismatch Equations of SynchronousMachinesPQ Machines. For a PQ machine, the total three-phase active and reactive ... specified:¦¦−+−+¦¦+−−=∆====cbapcbammipipmimipipmipipicbapcbampmipmipmipmimipiSpeciiBgGgEVBgGgVVPgPg,,,,,,,,))sin()cos(([)sincos([δθδθθθ(5.53)¦¦−−−+¦¦−−−=∆====cbapcbammipipmimipipmipipicbapcbampmipmipmipmimipiSpeciiBgGgEVBgGgVVQgQg,,,,,,,,))cos()sin(([)cossin([δθδθθθ(5.54)whereSpeciPgandSpeciQgare the specified active and reactive powers of the gen-erator at busI, which are in the direction of into terminal bus i.PV Machines. For a PV machine, the total three-phase active power flow ... the transmission line is series connecte d with the S SSC bus j.With such an assumption, the active and reactive power flows entering the bus jare equal to the sending-end active and reactive...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (6)
... Transactions on Power Systems, vol 7, no 1, pp 416 –423[10] Canizares CA, Alvarado FL (1993) Point of collapse and continuation methods forlarge ac/ dc systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol ... are the total active and reactive powers of the generator ofthe base case. The ratio ofiKPg/iKQgis constant to maintain constant powerfactor for a PQ machine. For a PV machine, equation ... including voltage stabilitylimits. This is due to the fact that there is lack of network investments and thereare large amounts of power transactions across regions for economical reasons inelectricity...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (7)
... power systems. Basically consideration of the reactivepower limits will decrease the maximum loading factor and affect the shape of thePV curves. When the reactive power limits are taken into account, ... Transactions on Power Systems, vol 7, no 1, pp 416-423[9] Canizares CA, Alvarado FL (1993) Point of collapse and continuation methods forlarge ac/ dc systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, v ol ... Three-Phase Power Flow Approach 221wherepiPd0andpiQd 0are the base case active and reactive load powers ofphasep at bus i.λis the loading factor, which characterize the change of loa...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (8)
... circuitLFChigh capacity linelow capacityline transmission directionLFC placedcrossways tocritical linesLFC placed incritical line withhigh capacityLFC placed incritical line withlow capacityFig. ... transmission capacity leads to a decrease of totalsystem cost.8.1.2 Control SchemeDue to the wide-area influence that load flow controlling devices have on the transmission system, the practical ... technologies with the aim toenable transmission system o perators (TSOs) to c ope with these challenges byreaching optima in terms of maximum transmission capacity, minimum cost andensuring of...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (9)
... Control of FACTSFor the implementation of FACTS-Devices, especially for controllable transmis-sion paths in an AC- system, intensive planning st udies and r edesign of control andprotection systems ... thi s case the ad-verse interaction cannot definitely be avoided.A second approach is to design a controller working for fast actions on localinput varia bles, but achieves coordi nation through ... espe-cially FACTS-controllers. In particular power flow controllers require a coordi-nated approach, because of their interaction with wide parts of a p ower system.Adding FACTS-controllers...
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flexible ac transmission systems ( (10)
... to compute the impact of the FACTS-devices onlines on parallel paths. It computes the GSDF (generation shift distribution factors,[5]) in order to quantify the impacts of FACTS-devices on all ... atic analysis ofnetwork t opology withbacktracking algorithmzcontrol pathzall parallel pathsfor everyFACTS-devicecomputing t he impact of the FACTS-device on parallel paths w ith GSDFdeterm ... parallel path of a FACTS-device is overloaded,THEN modify the P-setpoint-values of the FACTS-deviceA power flow controlling FACTS-device can directly influence the active and re-active power flow...
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