... work-ing in South Africa at any moment in 1911 and 47 percent in 1936.Instead ofworking abroad once in early youth, men came to spend their lives oscillatingbetween homes and workplaces. Rural ... militancy culminated in 1946 in a major Africanmine strike, but its violent suppression, with at least nine deaths and twelvehundred injuries, demonstrated the continuing dominance of employers ... majorstructural change in the economy. Until the early 1970sSouth Africa had oper-ated a low-wage economy for black people. Real African mining wages wereslightly less in 1969 than in 1911 .In1 973,however,...