... nis and McConnell(1986) on mergers, and Hite and Owers (1983) and Schip- per and Smith (1983) on spin-offs. A study of the formation of captive finance subsidiaries by Kim, McConnell, and Greenwood ... evidence of such losses see Alexander, Benson, and Gunderson (1986) and Wansley and Fayez (1986). 15. 16. 17. 18. References Alexander, G. J., P. G. Benson, and E. W. Gunderson. 1986. ... commodity prices, and new tech- nology have been felt in industries ranging from transportation and communication to energy and manufacturing. Mergers and divestitures, new investment, and plant closings...