... quality of the final water, which in the case of drinking water AN OVERVIEW OFWATERANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT is establishedbased upon legal criteria (e.g., the Safe Drinking Water Act, SDWA), and ... comprising a water purification or wastewatertreatment facility are functions of the legal and operational requirements of the treated water, the nature and degree of contaminationof the incoming water ... provide us with a magnitude of scale in meeting drinking water demands in the United States Compliance with drinking water standards is not AN OVERVIEW OFWATERANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT uniform Small...
... security of their critical waterandwastewater infrastructure The nation’s waterandwastewater infrastructure consisting of several thousand publicly owned waterandwastewatertreatment plants, more ... water that is free of disease organisms and toxic substances In addition, the purpose ofwastewatertreatment has been to protect the health and well being of our communities Waterandwastewater ... testing, water sources, and watershed protection All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations Though directed at waterand wastewater...
... biomonitoring, sampling and testing, water sources, and watershed protection All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in the second edition of the Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant ... 674 References and Suggested Reading 676 Section V WastewaterandWastewaterTreatment Chapter 21 WastewaterTreatment Operations 681 21.1 Wastewater Operators ... first publication as a realworld practical handbook for general readers, students, and water/ wastewater practitioners, the Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations continues to...
... quality of the final water, which in the case of drinking water AN OVERVIEW OFWATERANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT is establishedbased upon legal criteria (e.g., the Safe Drinking Water Act, SDWA), and ... comprising a water purification or wastewatertreatment facility are functions of the legal and operational requirements of the treated water, the nature and degree of contaminationof the incoming water ... provide us with a magnitude of scale in meeting drinking water demands in the United States Compliance with drinking water standards is not AN OVERVIEW OFWATERANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT uniform Small...
... security of their critical waterandwastewater infrastructure The nation’s waterandwastewater infrastructure consisting of several thousand publicly owned waterandwastewatertreatment plants, more ... water that is free of disease organisms and toxic substances In addition, the purpose ofwastewatertreatment has been to protect the health and well being of our communities Waterandwastewater ... testing, water sources, and watershed protection All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations Though directed at waterand wastewater...
... to waterandwastewater operators is their working conditions Waterandwastewatertreatment plant operators work indoors and outdoors in all kinds of weather Operators’ work is physically demanding ... increased because of the ongoing construction of new waterandwastewaterand solids handling facilities In addition, operator jobs have increased because ofwater pollution standards that have ... samples of the water or wastewater, perform chemical and biological laboratory analyses, and adjust the amount of chemicals, such as chlorine, in the waterand wastestream They use a variety of instruments...
... UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Most of the calculations made in the waterandwastewater operations involve using units While the number tells us how many, the units tell us what we have Examples of units ... However, both types of units are still used, and the waterworks /wastewater operator should be familiar with both 4.5 MEASUREMENTS: AREAS AND VOLUMES Waterandwastewater operators are often required ... ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard material under standard conditions of temperature and pressure The standard material for gases is air, and for liquids and solids, it is water...
... because of the nature of the soil conditions Pipes used in a wastewater system must be strong and durable to resist the abrasive and corrosive properties of the wastewater Like water pipes, wastewater ... of the waterandwastewater industry that requires energy consumption The amount of energy required depends on the height to which the water or wastewater is raised, the length and diameter of ... under water Its loss of weight is the weight of an equal volume ofwater To find the specific gravity, divide the weight of the metal by its loss of weight in water sp gr = Wt of Substance Wt of Equal...
... another The unitof linear measurement used is (in regards to diameter of a piece of wire) the mil (0.001 of an inch) A convenient unitof wire length used is the foot The standard unitof size in ... 6.14) It consists of a piece of carbon (C) and a piece of zinc (Zn) suspended in a jar that contains a solution ofwater (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Note: A simple cell consists of two strips, ... decreases the terminal voltage of the battery The ratio of the weight of a certain volume of liquid to the weight of the same volume ofwater is called the specific gravity of the liquid Pure sulfuric...
... pump water with largesized solids andwater with high solids concentrations They are generally capable of pumping high volumes of 198 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations water ... in waterandwastewatertreatment would exceed the limitations of this handbook Therefore, the discussion of pump applications is limited to those that occur most frequently in waterandwastewater ... for pumps.] The centrifugal pump and its modifications are the most widely used type of pumping equipment in the waterand 186 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations Motor...
... system In 246 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations Manufacturing Process Wastewater 60 PSIG Reclaimed wastewaterWastewaterTreatment Process 30 PSIG Public water supply ... concrete (water and wastewater) , asbestos-cement pipe (water and wastewater) , and plastic (water and wastewater) Other nonmetallic piping materials include glass (chemical porcelain pipe) and wood ... of a water main or wastewater collection line, draining the water or wastewater line, throttling liquid flow, regulating water or wastewater storage levels, controlling water hammer, bleeing off...
... adjusted, and grease removed from the assembly 288 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations In another type of measuring device, the problem might be indicative of grease ... determining flow in gallons/minute is: 286 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations TABLE 9.1 Types of Flow Measurement Devices Typical Usea Principle of Flow Measurement Elbow meter Rotameter ... 284 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations A Rectangle weir Head Weir crest Crest length B Triangular...
... 10.10 WATERANDWASTEWATER CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES In order to operate a water/ wastewatertreatment process correctly and safely, water/ wastewater operators need to know the types of chemical ... Adsorption Coagulation Taste and odor removal (water treatment) Water softening Recarbonation Ion exchange softening Scale and corrosion control 302 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations ... have a pH of greater than 10 Because of this, 304 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations pressurized carbon dioxide is bubbled into the water, lowering the pH and removing...
... 336 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations poison travels from link to link of the food chain and soon the birds of the lake margins become victims We spray our elms and the ... physical character of rock) and hydrologic pathways In areas of very high runoff, the contribution of 348 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations solutes approaches or exceeds ... slow moving streams and rivers include newts, tadpoles, and 354 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations frogs As mentioned, the important characteristic of all life in streams...
... viral disinfection, direct recycling ofwastewaterand the practice of land application ofwastewater is a cause of concern.13 380 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations 13.4.4.3 ... to both wastewaterand natural waters and are important in establishing and controlling water quality Inorganic load in water is the result of discharges of treated and untreated wastewater, various ... waters Many of the important properties ofwastewater are due to the presence of weak acids and bases and their salts The wastewatertreatment process is made up of several different unit processes...
... force of gravity, and becomes groundwater Groundwater, like surface water, is extremely important to the hydrologic cycle and to our water supplies 444 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment ... quantity and quality of the existing water supply Surface water is also generally softer (not mineral-laden), which makes its treatment much simpler 440 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment ... manage and operate water systems, a basic understanding of the movement ofwaterand the things that affect water quality and quantity are important In other words, a basic understanding of hydrology...
... 458 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations d Management of point- and nonpoint-source pollution e Impacts on land /water/ air relationships f Health risks Water management and ... construction, and stabilize stockpiles and finished areas) and chemical control (i.e., 460 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations proper storage, handling, application and covering, and ... urban, and 15% is from other sources Land use directly impacts water quality The impact of land use on water quality is clearly evident in Table 16.1 From the waterworks operator point of view, water...
... amount of time required for floc formation To increase the speed of floc formation and the strength and weight of the floc, polymers are often added 476 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment ... both waterandwastewatertreatment There are also some differences — mainly in the types of disinfectants used and applications — between the use of disinfection in waterandwastewatertreatment ... decreased 468 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations 17.5.3.4 Iron and Manganese Removal Iron and manganese are frequently found in groundwater and in some surface waters They...
... safer and more economical to treat its waste independent of domestic waste Combined wastewater — Consists of a combination of sanitary wastewaterand storm water runoff All the wastewaterand storm ... ofwastewater are described 18.5.1.1 Generation ofWastewaterWastewater is generated by five major sources: human and animal wastes, household wastes, industrial wastes, storm water runoff, and ... the slowed entry of surface water through manholes in ponded areas Influent the wastewater entering a tank, channel, or treatment process 530 Handbook ofWaterandWastewaterTreatment Plant Operations...