[...]... plant water, may be operational criteria (e.g., nonbrackish waters to prevent scaling of heat exchange equipment) The number and complexity of unit processes and in turn unit operations comprising a water purification or wastewater treatment facility are functions of the legal and operational requirements of the treated water, the nature and degree of contaminationof the incoming water (raw water to... Drinking Water Act It is comprised of five members of the general public, five representatives of state and local agencies concerned with water hygiene and public water supply, and five representations of private organizations and groups demonstrating an active interest in water hygiene and public water supply, including two members who are associated with small rural public water systems 12 WATER AND WASTEWATER. .. types of plants that are applied in a succession of operations, with each stage aimed at improving the quality of the water as established by a set of product-performance criteria The criteria focuses on the quality of the final water, which in the case of drinking water AN OVERVIEW OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 3 is establishedbased upon legal criteria (e.g., the Safe Drinking Water Act, SDWA), and. .. OVERVIEW OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 0 5 turbidity decreases the effectiveness of water treatment techniques by shielding pathogens from chemical or thermal damage, or in the case of UV (ultra violet) treatment, absorbing the UV light itself Organic Compounds - Water can be contaminated by a number of organic compounds, such as chloroform, gasoline, pesticides, and herbicides from a variety of industrial... integral component of drinking water and wastewater treatment applications It is, however, but one unit process within a modern water treatment plant scheme, whereby there are a multitude of equipment and technology options to select from depending upon the ultimate goals of treatment To understand the role of filtration, it is important to make distinctions not only with the other technologies employed... quantities and nature of the influent water we need to treat; 3 The physical and chemical properties of the pollutants we need to remove or render neutral in the effluent water; 4 The physical, chemical and thermodynamic properties of the solid wastes generated from treating water; and 5 The cost of treating water, including the cost of treating, processing and finding a home for the solid wastes To understand... but those that will meet local and national quality standards The primary goals of a water treatment plant 8 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES for over a century have remained practically the same: namely to produce water that is Ion Exchange Inorganic biologically and chemically Activated Alumina Matter GAC safe, is appealing to the consumer, and is noncorrosive and nonscaling Today, plant... and other equipment, in the quality of certain products that rely on water as a part of their composition and processing, and ultimately upon the economics of a process operation It’s a fascinating subject, because the technology is both rapidly changing, and cost-effective, energy-saving solutions to water treatment require innovative solutions xii Chapter 1 AN OVERVIEW OF WATER AND WASTE= WATER TREATMENT. .. data on regulated and unregulated chemical, radiological, microbial and physical contaminants, and other such contaminantslikely to occur in finished, raw and source waters of public water systems AN OVERVIEW OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 13 After reviewing health effects studies, EPA sets a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no... as sources of drinking water and the water is not treated or inadequately treated, E coli may end up in drinking water E coli 0157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium E coli Although most strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, this strain produces a powerful toxin and can cause severe illness Infection often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal . HANDBOOK OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. N&P Limited P EINEMANN Boston Oxford Auckland. in water treatment operations, 1 2 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES because ultimately there is a tradeoff between polluted water and