... At the focus of all these studies stands the symmetry group ofthe underlying Hamiltonian Using the powerful formalism of group theory, the energy spectrum ofthe physical system possessing the ... permutation of two hydrogen atoms and should be classified in terms of even and odd combinations of wavefunctions ψ j , the double quantum well is asymmetric in the general case The measure of this asymmetry ... irreducible tensor Kτ ofthe 2nd rank in the expansion (2.8) Five components of this tensor together with the operators L j ofthe invariance group SO(3) form the set of generators ofthe dynamical group...
... microscopic theory for transport problems [25] It was hypothesized more than 150 years ago before the dawn ofquantum mechanics The Boltzmann’s kinetic equation was the first to propose the evolution of ... both ofthe leads are superconducting Superconductivity is the result ofthe instability ofthe Fermi surface from which a completely new phase ofthe system appears under the influence of strong ... semiclassical theory Before the BCS theory, the Ginzburg-Landau theory provided an enormous insight into the nature of superconductivity by introducing a position dependent parameter ψ which gives the measure...
... On the other hand, resistance ofthe seed layer increased with increasing thickness As a result, the Jsc ofthe device increased up to the optimum film thickness, after which it began to decrease ... resistance, as shown in Fig Consequently, the PV performance ofthe device varied in the same way Thus, an optimization process was necessary with respect to the thickness oftheelectrontransport ... threefold increase in PV performance compared with that of a device consisting of a ZnO seed layer without ZnO NRs The optimization oftheelectrontransport layer in the present work is one ofthe most...
... is there a limit frequency ) 2.2 Einstein’s quantumtheoryof light: To overcome the difficulty of classical physics, Albert Einstein introduced thequantumtheoryof light, and developed the ... classical physics !! But on the basis ofthe photon model of light one has a satisfactory explanation of this effect 3.2 Compton effect asthe result of photon -electron collision: On the basis ... well with the experimental laws for the blackbody radiation Planck’s hypothesis is recognised asthe beginning of a new theory, thequantumtheory • In 1905 Einstein developed an analogue theory...
... surface at K Theoretically much ofthe band theoryof solids24 and the microscopic theoryof superconductivity are based on this model The occurrence of superconductors critically depends on the Fermi ... several years after the BCS theory By 1964 the general consensus was that the BCS theory is an essentially correct theoryof superconductivity 30 1.4.4 Quantum Statistical Theory; Independent ... absolute square ofthe wave function: (2.1.6) then is lattice-periodic That is, the probability distribution function for theelectron has the same periodicity as that ofthe lattice The associated...
... influence the rate ofelectron import into the FMN subdomain and the resulting formation of FMNH2 The extent to which KeqA or the rate of FMNH2 formation influences electron flux throughthe NOS ... formation in limiting electron flux throughthe CaM-bound NOS enzymes In general, asthe kon and koff of equilibrium A increase, it becomes more probable that the rate ofelectron input (specifically, ... The model predicts that there is always a Keq position for maximum electron flux throughthe enzyme On either side of this optimum, theelectron flux drops off because either the formation rate (k2)...
... Succinate eị The substrate sites of hydrogenase and of formate dehydrogenase are exposed to the bacterial periplasm, whereas that of fumarate reductase faces the cytoplasm (Fig 1) [1,11] From the crystal ... formate, the reduction ofthe MK present in the proteoliposomes interfered with the measurement of fumarate reduction Therefore, the velocity of MK reduction was recorded at 270 nm upon mixing ofthe ... model ofthe oxidized enzyme, a cavity was discovered which extends from the hydrophobic phase ofthe membrane, close to the distal heme group of FrdC to the periplasmic aqueous phase [37] The...
... regarding the importance ofthe pronounced secondary structure in this region Mutation of either proline could result in reduction or increase in the length ofthe helical secondary structure ofthe ... Gln227 on the N-loop to regulate normally In the model, where the beginning and end ofthe N-loop region are aligned so that they face TMD1 as much as possible, and with the NPQ turn ofthe B-loop ... xylitol and in contrast to all other mutations even allowed growth in the presence of M ofthe C6 polyol D-sorbitol As all other mutations in the C-terminal extension occur much further upstream and...
... density, the concentrations of nitrate [17] and nitrite [18], the pO2 and the pH ofthe medium were monitored, and the composition ofthe gaseous phase in the fermentor was analyzed by mass spectrometry ... of its oxygen atoms and the Asp98 residue After reduction ofthe T2Cu center with an electron from the T1Cu center, the proton of this hydrogen bond is transferred from the Asp98 residue to the ... Biochem 271) from the electrode and donates them to the Nir, in the presence of nitrite Under these conditions, the shape ofthe voltammogram becomes sigmoidal, with an increase ofthe cathodic current...
... of F420 with Fdred asthe substrate was found to occur in the cytoplasm ofthe parental strain and ofthe DfpoAO and the Dech mutants However, this activity was essentially absent in the DfpoF ... lysates ofthe DfpoA-O mutant or the DfpoF mutant was in the range of mUặmg)1 of protein and hence 10-fold higher than the rate of H2 production from F420H2 in the absence of CoM-S-S-CoB The H2 ... with the parental strain (that has a doubling time of 7.7 h) with trimethylamine asthe substrate The nal D ofthe cultures were almost identical In summary, theelectrontransport deciency of the...
... cells [24,25] For these reasons, the objective ofthe present work was to study the release of AA into the mitochondria and a possible direct role of fatty acids on cholesterol transport in this ... in the presence of CHX, the fatty acid bypasses the absence of ACS4 but not the absence of StAR Then, the partial inhibition produced by CHX on AA stimulated steroidogenesis was unexpected The ... release AA inside the mitochondria is shown by the fact that the content of labeled AA in another organelle such asthe nucleus is neither increased by cAMP nor reduced by the inhibition of Acot2...
... Representation in the C.M frame ofthe motion ofthe center of mass of an electron- positron pair, producing a bound state Motion ofthe center of charge ofthe system (3.97) around the C.M Motion ofthe center ... behaves according to the laws ofquantum mechanics The finer the classical analysis of basic objects of matter, the richer will be their quantum mechanical description Thequantum mechanical picture ... φ ) of angular velocity ω Motion ofthe center of charge and center of mass of a negative charged particle in a uniform magnetic field The velocity ofthe center of mass is orthogonal to the...
... unified field theory is a consequence of, as a result ofthe expansion ofthe universe, increasing size of r0 In this theory there exists no free monopoles all of them as a result of monopole condensation ... suggesting the addition of further degrees of freedom to yield a quantum field theory with conformal invariance This has the virtue of possessing naturalness in the sense of 't Hooft [7] since zero masses ... electrodynamics The reason for the complicated procedure adopted by Schrödinger was due to the fact that his version ofthe non-symmetric generalization ofthe general theoryof relativity did not include the...
... 0-470-84576-7 (Electronic) Part One THEORY A unified treatment ofthetheoryof Raman scattering by molecules The Raman Effect: A Unified Treatment oftheTheoryof Raman Scattering by Molecules Derek ... before the interaction, is defined as Ei , and in its final state f, after the interaction, as Ef The energy ofthe ground electronic state ofthe molecule will be defined as Eg and the energy of an ... The scattered intensity is proportional (a) to the square ofthe number of scattering molecules and (b) to the square ofthe irradiance ofthe incident radiation at ω1 and to the irradiance of...
... features of aging A number of early explanations of aging, such as Orgel’s error catastrophe theory and the somatic mutation theory, were based on the idea that aging results from the accumulation of ... postmitotic cells, one ofthe most prominent signs of aging, has been known for more than 150 years [28] However, the relation of lipofuscin to lysosomes and the basic mechanisms of lipofuscin formation ... such as cytochromes and ferritin, results in the release of redox-active low-molecularmass iron The latter, in ferrous form, reacts with hydrogen peroxide (which easily diffuses throughout the...
... was already present in the hypotonic medium before the addition of mitochondria (Mg-m), the release of cyto-c was significantly lower and amounted to 21% (the additional release was only 7%) The ... in Fig on the oxidation of exogenous NADH asthe expression ofthe activity ofthe complete system Discussion The data presented provide new insights into the role of magnesium ions in the permeability ... per milligram of protein ofthe NADH/cyto-b5 complex should be independent ofthe osmolarity ofthe medium, the increase in the binding of cyto-c with hypotonic mitochondria and the insensitivity...
... oftheelectrontheoryof metals In this section, the reader is expected to grasp only the main historical landmarks ofthe subject without going into details Theelectrontheoryof metals has ... become one ofthe most exciting and challenging topics in the field oftheelectrontheoryof metals Originally, theelectrontheoryof metals was constructed for crystals where the existence of a periodic ... survey oftheelectrontheoryof metals overlapping continuous bands The resulting electronic structure affects significantly the observed electrontransport phenomena Theelectrontheoryof metals...