... Subjects ofInternational Humanitarian Law , in I. Makarczyk (ed.), Theory of International Law at the Threshold ofthe 21st Century, Essays in Honour of Krysztof Skubszewski, The Hague: Kluwer Law ... Affirmation ofthe Principles ofInternationalLaw Recognised by the Charter ofthe Nürnberg Tribunal, 11 December 1946. 62 See A. Cassese, ‘Affirmation ofthe Principles ofInternationalLaw Recognized ... Subjects ofthe Law of Nations, Professor Lauterpacht noted the following about the new conceptof ‘crimes against humanity’:Thus upon analysis, the enactment of crimes against humanity in an international...
... FBAWhewell Professor ofInternational Law, Faculty of Law, andDirector, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeJohn S. Bell FBAProfessor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... to the history of international law, illuminating the imperial character ofthe disciplineand its enduring significance for peoples ofthe Third World.antony anghie is Professor ofLaw at the ... sovereign ratherthan the Pope.Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refutinganother justification for Spanish conquest ofthe Indies: the argumentthat the Emperor is lord of the...
... 213.9 The politics ofinternationallaw international law. The end ofthe Cold War, and the attendant talk of a ‘new world order’, the triumph of liberalism, and the regulatory im-peratives of ... divided the United States from the large majority of other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in partic-ular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the questions ... that leave them ill-equipped to comprehend issues as funda-mental as the expanding corpus ofinternational law, the obligatory force of that law, the way in which the weak can employ thelaw as...
... jurisprudence of these tribunals. The jurisprudence of other tribunals is not, however, ignored. Thelaw of Nuremberg and Tokyo features prominently, and thelaw and structures of the other international ... Article 7(1) ofthe ICTY Statute; Article 29 oftheLaw on the Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the Period of Democratic ... of assistance to the growing body of nationallawyers engaged in the practice ofinternationalcriminallaw before domesticcourts. As the Rome Statute oftheInternationalCriminal Court gives...
... January 1976ICJ International Court of JusticeICJ Reports Reports oftheInternational Court of JusticeICLQ International and Comparative Law QuarterlyICRC International Committee ofthe RedCrossICRC ... Conventionfor the Amelioration ofthe Condition of the Wounded and Sick in ArmedForces in the Field: Commentary(ICRC, Geneva, 1952)table ofconventions xlvii1993Convention on the Prohibition ofthe ... VII 59–60, 104, 168–78Charter oftheInternational Military Tribunal, Annex to the Agreementfor the Prosecution and Punishment ofthe Major War Criminals of the European Axis (London Agreement),...
... oflaw such as criminal law, contract law, and thelawof torts, or spe-cific types of law, such as municipal state law, judge-made law, and customary law. 2 The philosophy ofinternationallaw ... of customary law. In the context of the discussion ofthe processes ofinternational law- making and hence of the sources or identification of its norms, the question ofthe kind of norms created27See ... THE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW SECTION I HISTORY OFTHE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 State of Nature versus Commercial Sociability as the Basis of International Law: Reflections on the...
... pairs The results refer to the estimation of system (14) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix being the unity matrix. The estimated coefficients ofthe system of equations ... the domestic country and the US for bonds. Standard errors are reported in parenthesis. J-Stat denotes the p-value ofthe J-statistic to test the null hypothesis that the overidentifying restrictions ... The US SDF and estimated expected excess returns The results refer to the estimation of system (16) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix being the unity matrix. The...
... against themselves. Between the time of its ratification and the onset of the project of legibility, there was a drˆole de guerre concerning the meaning of the self-incrimination provision ofthe ... narratives ofthe path of constitutional development spotlightboth the achievement ofthe collective rights of labor in the 1930s and, at the same time, the launching of an upward progression toward the ... outsiders to the role of shapinglegal doctrine, they began their careers as critics of court power. Once theytook hold ofthe reins of state and began to staff the courts themselves, how-ever, the...
... apartheid, for instance, require states to criminalize these o enses as part of their domestic criminal law. Despite these advances in codi cation, the twentieth century saw countless international ... detailing the nancial constraints impeding the prosecution of international crimes. e following sections—which examine the budgetary di culties ofthe ad hoc tribunals, the ICC, the hybrid international- domestic ... accused ofinternational crimes in the former Yugoslavia. e years that had elapsed between the cre-ation ofthe World War II tribunals and theInternationalCriminal Tribunal for the former...
... progressive development ofinternationallaw in this field, Appreciative ofthe work carried out by theInternationalLaw Commission on thelawofthe non-navigational uses ofinternational watercourses, ... Convention on theLawofthe Non-navigational Uses ofInternational Watercourses1New York, 21 May 19972 The Parties to the present Convention, Conscious ofthe importance ofinternational ... under the protection, ofthe same sovereign State, whether or not these territories are individually Members ofthe League of Nations.101.1.2.2 The Statute Article 1 In the application of the...
... R,islower;— the probability of success ofthe risky project, π,ishigher;— the efficiency of monitoring, P, is higher and the cost of monitoring, C,islower;— the cost of default, D, and the cost of loan ... numer-ically. The second and third terms represent the sum ofthethe marginal pdf and the conditionalcdf.Efficiency can be further improved if we take into account the panel structure ofthe data ... JTis the T ×T matrix of ones, the AR(1) coefficient |ρ| < 1 and the variance ofthe randomeffect 0 ≤ σ2a< 1.38This parameterization allows for random effects and the AR(1) structure of the...
... evaluate the state of achievement of policy goals ofthe government sector only on the basis of financial data, the member SAIs must check whether the policies have led to the achievement of their ... convergence of such standards, and reviews past activities. (The views expressed in this paper are the personal views ofthe author and do not reflect the official view of the Board of Audit of Japan.) ... Code of Ethics, because the SAI’s independence from the audited entities, the transparency ofthe SAI’s organization and management, and the ethical views ofthe staff ofthe SAI addressed by those...
... is International Cri minal Law? 31.1 Internationalcriminallaw 31.2 Other concepts ofinternationalcriminallaw 51.3 Sources ofinternationalcriminallaw 91.4 Internationalcriminallaw ... Internationalcriminallaw and other areas oflaw 131.5 A body ofcriminallaw 162. The Objectives ofInternationalCriminalLaw 222.1 Introduction 222.2 The aims ofinternationalcriminal justice 232.3 ... n the investigation stage ofthe p roceedings in the appeal ofthe OPCD against the decisionof the Pre-Trial Chamber Iof 3.12.2007 and in theappeals of the O PCD and the Prosecutor against the...