... depends on the specific site that the microorganism occupies in the microcolony. Nutrient gradients occur from the surface ofthe biofilm to the most internal parts, thereby influencing the bacterial ... variability of individuals, the susceptibility to opsonisation and phagocytosis and even the alginate functions as a negative immunomodulator for the host [4]. Another example ofthe formation of biofilms ... Importantly, the structure of lipid A is the most conserved compared to the structure ofthe core oligosaccharides and antigen O [9,10]. 6.1. The core oligosaccharides The assembly of lipid A from the...
... this discussion, the available technology and the training and expertise ofthe employees will have a crucial impact on the numbers and types of jobs deemed to be required by the organisation. ... that much ofthe knowledge of individuals that is useful to an organisation can be articulated and thereby made explicit and available to others. Tacit knowledge is knowledge held byhuman beings. ... discussion of ‘management style’. The concept has been developed by John Purcell and colleagues and draws inspiration from the work of Alan Fox’s frames of reference and ideal types of industrial...
... develop-ment), and death. Key variables here include the nature ofthe exit, the length ofthe exit (it might be temporary or permanent) andthe HRM response to the exit, given that all these forms of ... given their choice of office furnishings. Most of these com-panies threw out the time clock (if they ever had them) and focused on achievement rather than physical presence at the worksite. The ... achieved.Motivation and rewards The relevance of each ofthe motivation theories described above to incentive schemes and to other parts ofthe rewards package is shown in Table 10 (p. 151).A rating of ‘high’...
... articulate both the indeterminacy ofthe employment relationship, andthe limitations ofthe legal view of employee relations. The use and application ofthe psychological contract in the HR and employment ... as a strategic and integrated approach of increas-ing the effectiveness of organisations by improving the performance of the employees and developing the capabilities of teams and individ-ual ... professionals worldwide face many ofthe same ques-tions. These include the following:ã Why offer benets at all? Why not just offer higher wages and let employees buy the services they want?ã Should there...
... on the likely attributes ofthe applicants, taken from the candidate specification discussed above, the salary range or at least an indication ofthe likely pay and benefits, the name of the ... objectivity and minimise the appear-ance and reality of discrimination.A final method used in the selection by many employers is the written and verbal reference to gain an understanding ofthe person’s ... included in the strategy, there must be an effective way of ensur-ing the relevance ofthe strategy to the organisation and its workers and to communicating that relevance to the managers and employ-ees....
... economics and explanations of wage dif-ferentials range from labour theory of value to marginal revenue product theory, to supply demand theory, and to human capital theory. While each of these theories ... recruiting new members and improving their pay and terms and conditions. The other edge ofthe sword concerns what is known as the sword of justice effect. This is the social purpose of trade unions; ... decline. The extent of these changes varies by country, and for a variety of reasons. For instance in Australia, the UK andthe US, employers and government have adopted anti- union policies and...
... (http://www.incomesdata.co.uk/).WebsitesAs is the nature ofthe internet, weblinks and websites come and go. A number ofthe journals listed above offer electronic versions of their articles. A growing number of HRM communities ... concept entry and in the Bibliog-raphy. From the perspective given bythe place of publication for this book, our selective list of journals includes the following.Asia Pacific Journal ofHuman ResourcesCareer ... libraries stock many or most of these. Many others are available and, of course, in languages other than English. Several other journals are listed in the Suggested further reading sections following...
... explained by elec-trostatic repulsion between the a-carboxyl group of the amino acid andthe introduced aspartic residue atposition 149. On the other hand, as agmatine lacks the a-carboxyl group, there ... water molecule, by lowering the pKafor proton ionization and generation of the hydroxide that nucleophilically attacks the guanidinocarbon ofthe scissile bond of l-arginine [1–3]. The enzyme is ... and His145Asnmutations on the affinity of metal bindingto arginase IITo further examine the effects ofthe His120fiAsn and His145fiAsn mutations on the interaction of the enzyme with manganese...
... is the cornerstone of the RNA World. Nevertheless, there is a lot going for the RNA World (Bernhardt summarizes much ofthe evidence, and I add more below)whereas the other hypothes es on the ... scathing ofthe RNA world hypothesis and its fellow travelers:“ [The RNA world hypothesis] h as been reduced by ritualabusetosomethinglikeacreationistmantra” ,and “ [The] RNA world is an expression of ... (in-cluding the ‘proteins first’ hypothesis), and some of the problems with these alternative models. As part of the discussion, I highlight the support provided to the RNA world concept bythe discovery...
... identify the activesite residues involved in the binding of Glc to the super-open state (Fig. 1C) of this two domain [large(L) and small (S)] enzyme, and thus the site of initia-tion ofthe global ... rate of 50 nmặmin)1. The resultantspectra were background-corrected and smoothed. The sec-ondary structure elements ofthe proteins were evaluated by the CD Neural Network algorithm [32]. The ... binding of Glc based on the coordi-nates ofthe unliganded andthe liganded form. Helix–helixinteractions in the two conformational states were analysedas described previously [35]. The static...
... times the mental age. The word ‘quotient’means the result of dividing one quantity by another, and a definition of intelligence is mental ability or quickness of mind.Such tests are based on the ... types of intelligences, some of which could be as a result of our upbringing and development and some of which could be the result of a natural talent with which we are born. The concept of general ... book, the testshave not been standardised in comparison to scores obtained by othergroups. Nevertheless there is a guide to assessing your performance at the end of each test, and because the...
... the vasethis time the line will detour around the bottom edge ofthe vase, and it will progressfollowing the outline ofthe vase until itreaches the other side ofthe paper. This part of the ... to expandtheir knowledge and understanding of materials and the wide range of available media. It will teachthem about the characteristics of these media and materials and how to use them to ... construction. The firstbeing the top half ofthe silhouette, the second being the bottom part of the silhouette, and finally the overall shape of the objects that are contained in the compositioni.e. the...
... responsibilities outside ofthe finance organization,commercial and investment banker relationships, andthe role of the rating agencies. This book discusses these challenges in the context ofthe twenty-first ... we are notdiscussing other considerations:■ The sad stories and lessons for the twenty thousand jobs and retirement plans put at risk by these actions10 THE REAL WORLDOF FINANCE 8. Rating ... litigate, and the U.S. Department of Justice began considering crimi-nal charges.Ten ofthe twelve lessons in this book are reflected in the Enron story. Because ofthe limitations ofthe book,...