tcp ip and osi model network stack
Tài liệu giảng dạy CCNA - module 01 chapter 02 -The TCP IP and OSI Networking Models
... Table of Content The TCP/ IP protocol architecture The OSI model THE TCP/ IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE The TCP/ IP Application Layer TCP/ IP application layer protocols provide services ... comparable transport and network layers Both models need to be known by networking professionals Both assume packets are switched 16 Comparing TCP/ IP with OSI (cont.) Differences: TCP/ IP combines ... layers: layer 19 OSI layers: layer 20 OSI layers: layer 21 OSI layers: layer 22 OSI layers: layer 23 OSI layers: layer 24 OSI layers: layer 25 OSI layers: Summary 26 OSI reference model (cont.)...
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Tài liệu TCP/IP and tcpdump pdf
... Source Route Failed Destination Network Unknown Destination Host Unknown Source Host Isolated Network Administratively Prohibited 10 Host Administratively Prohibited 11 Network Unreachable for TOS ... 65,535 Flags (xDM) x (reserved and set to 0) D (1 = Don't Fragment) M (1 = More Fragments) UDP GRE ESP AH 57 88 89 115 SKIP EIGRP OSPF L2TP Header Checksum Covers IP header only Addressing NET_ID ... Prohibited Source Quench Redirect Redirect Datagram for the Network Redirect Datagram for the Host Redirect Datagram for the TOS & Network Redirect Datagram for the TOS & Host Echo Router Advertisement...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P1 pptx
... Wright) Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking (Deon Reynders, Edwin Wright) Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics (Malcolm Barnes) Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking Deon ... 5.3 The origins of TCP/ IP The ARPA model vs the OSI model The TCP/ IP protocol suite vs the ARPA model /TZKXTKZ RG_KX VXUZUIURY 6.1 6.2 Overview Internet protocol version (IPv4) 78 79 ... 28 30 31 33 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Interoperability and internetworking Protocols and protocol standards IEEE/ISO standards Network topologies (XUGJIGYZ GTJ VUOTZZUVUOTZ ZUVURUMOKY...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P2 ppt
... areas of TCP/ IP and Ethernet in detail, while going through the practical implementation of TCP/ IP in computer and industrial applications Troubleshooting and maintenance of TCP/ IP networks and communications ... TCP/ IP and this is being used as the open standard today for all network and communications systems The reasons for this popularity are not hard to find TCP/ IP and Ethernet are truly open standards ... practical understanding of the application of TCP/ IP Learn how to construct a robust local area network (LAN) Learn the basic skills in troubleshooting TCP/ IP and LANs Apply the TCP/ IP suite of protocols...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P3 ppsx
... ability to handle the rate of change of the signal, that is its frequency An analog signal varies between a minimum and maximum frequency and the difference between those frequencies is the bandwidth ... half the power relative to the mid-band frequencies, referred to as dB points In which case the bandwidth is known as the dB bandwidth Figure 1.6 Channel bandwidth Digital signals are made up ... data rate, and that a relatively small increase in bandwidth is equivalent to a much greater increase in signal to noise ratio Digital transmission channels make use of higher bandwidths and digital...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P4 ppsx
... area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks and virtual private networks • Describe the concept of layered communications model • Describe the functions of each layer in the OSI ... interconnection (or OSI) model The objective of this model is to provide a framework for the coordination of standards development and allows both existing and evolving standards activities to ... layer, together with standardized interfaces and peer-to-peer virtual communication, are fundamental to the concepts developed in a layered model such as the OSI model The OSI layering concept...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P5 pps
... (TOP) and the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), and are designed as a subset of the OSI model At the field sensor level, a standard that is being used is the international Fieldbus standard ... this has developed as a de facto industrial internetworking standard Many manufacturers of proprietary equipment are using TCP/ IP to facilitate internetworking 6XUZUIURY GTJ VXUZUIUR YZGTJGXJY ... translating from hardware to network addresses These addresses may be on a local network or they may refer to networks located elsewhere on an internetwork One of the functions of the network layer is,...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P6 pdf
... 802.7 broadband TAG The committee is attempting to standardize physical compatibility with FDDI and synchronous optical networks (SONET) It is also investigating single mode fiber and multimode ... =OXKRKYY 2'4Y The IEEE802.11 Wireless LAN standard uses the 2.4 GHz band and allows operation to or Mbps The 802.11b standard also uses the 2.4 GHz band, but allows operation at 11 Mbps The latest ... from the network If any of these things happens, the AM generates a new token, and the network is back in business The SM makes sure the AM is doing its job and does not break down and get disconnected...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P7 pptx
... band and broadband signaling, and speeds of Mbps and 10 Mbps The standard is continuing to evolve, and this manual will look at 100 Mbps CSMA/CD systems in the next chapter The IEEE 802.3 standard ... IEEE as a standard In 1983, the IEEE issued the 802-3 standard for Carrier Sense; Multiple Access; Collision Detect LANs based on the Ethernet standard, which gave this networking standard even ... that can be used for a network based on this standard They include coaxial cable, twisted pair cable and fiber optic cable In addition, there are different signaling standards and transmission speeds...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P8 ppsx
... fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps gigabit Ethernet transmission on both fiber optic and copper cables using the current high-speed LAN technologies 60 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 4.1.1 ... between an 802.3 network and a Blue Book Ethernet network These differences are primarily in the frame structure and are tabulated below Table 3.1 Differences between IEEE 802.3 and Blue Book Ethernet ... equipment to check out network traffic can contribute to the traffic (and the collision rate) +ZNKXTKZ JKYOMT X[RKY The following design rules on length of cable segment, node placement and...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P9 ppsx
... 100Base-T4 wiring 64 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 100Base-TX and 100Base-T4 are designed to be interoperable at the transceivers using a media independent interface and compatible (class 1) ... connect chassis-based products via the common back plane and stackable hubs via a regular fiber port 70 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 4.4.7 1000BaseT for category UTP This version ... – only 20 meters! 68 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking The slot time defines the time during which the transmitting node retains control of the medium, and in particular is responsible...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P10 pptx
... the OSI model has layers, the ARPA model has layers The OSI layers map onto the ARPA model as follows: • The OSI session, presentation and applications layers are contained in the ARPA process and ... the network level) • The OSI physical and data link layers map onto the ARPA network interface layer The relationship between the two models is depicted in Figure 5.1 Figure 5.1 OSI vs ARPA models ... you should be able to: • Describe the origins of TCP/ IP • Compare the OSI and DARPA (DOD) models • Describe the overall structure of the TCP/ IP suite of protocols :NK UXOMOTY UL :)6/6 In...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P12 ppt
... to IPv6 The IPv6 transition mechanisms ensure that IPv6 hosts can inter-operate with IPv4 hosts anywhere in the Internet up until the time when IPv4 addresses run out, and allows IPv6 and IPv4 ... All hosts and routers upgraded to IPv6 in the early transition phase will be ‘dual’ capable (i.e implement complete IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks) • Encapsulation of IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers ... functions such as audio broadcasting and encryption Upgrading to and deployment of IPv6 can be achieved in stages Individual IPv4 hosts and routers may be upgraded to IPv6 one at a time without affecting...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P13 pot
... is used with IPv4 Initially the designers of IPv6 assumed that it would use ARP as well, but subsequent work by the SIP, SIPP and IPv6 working groups led to the development of the IPv6 ‘neighbor ... the whole network, can be created between physical (MAC) addresses and Internet protocol (IP) addresses • When the interface board fails and has to be replaced the Internet protocol (IP) address ... that network of its address Some very small networks not use ARP caches, but the continual traffic of ARP requests and replies on a larger network would have a serious negative impact on the network s...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P14 ppt
... some time to converge to a new understanding of the network The bandwidth and traffic requirements of this algorithm can also affect the performance of the network The major advantage of the distance ... routing a TCP/ IP- based internetwork can be divided into several autonomous systems (ASs) or domains An autonomous system consists of hosts, routers and data links that form several physical networks ... routers on the periphery, connected to other ASs, must be capable of handling both the appropriate IGPs and EGPs The most common exterior gateway protocol currently used in the TCP/ IP environment...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P15 ppsx
... use of ports and sockets, connection oriented communication, sliding windows, and sequence numbers/acknowledgments 124 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 7.1.2 Ports Whereas IP can route ... Figure 7.2 126 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking Figure 7.2 Positive acknowledgment philosophy The sliding window form of positive acknowledgment is used by TCP, as it is very time consuming ... The IP address is contained in the IP header and the port number is contained in the TCP or UDP header In order for any data to be transferred under TCP, a socket must exist both at the source and...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P16 pdf
... level to the TCP/ IP protocol stack 134 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 8.2 File transfer protocol (FTP) File transfer requires a reliable transport mechanism, and therefore TCP connections ... layer of the TCP/ IP model Protocols at this layer act as intermediaries between some user application (external to the TCP/ IP communication stack) and the lower-level protocols such as TCP or UDP ... () character Some commands also require parameters The use of ASCII character sequences for commands allows the user to observe and understand the command flow, and aids the debugging process...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P17 docx
... administrative and technical contact names telephone and 146 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking fax numbers, and server information This information can also be obtained from the Network Solutions ... registration and resolution on TCP/ IP In many respects WINS is like DNS However, while DNS resolves TCP/ IP host names to static IP addresses, WINS resolves NetBIOS names on TCP/ IP to dynamic ... information between network devices It enables Application layer protocols 151 network administrators to manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network growth Two...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P18 doc
... a TCP connection for this purpose Unlike SMTP, proper authentication with a user name and a password is required POP3 commands include the following STAT 156 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking ... used and free IP addresses 8.13.1 DHCP operation IP lease request This is the first step in obtaining an IP address under DHCP It is initiated by a host with TCP/ IP, configured to obtain an IP ... objects, or learns of notifiable events by monitoring exchanges between managers and agents 154 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking Because SNMP does not implement authentication, many vendors not...
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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P19 pot
... protocol statistics and current TCP/ IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/ IP) This is relevant with Windows 95/98 etc, which uses NetBIOS for the upper layers of the OSI model C:\WINDOWS.000>nbtstat ... a leased IP address Ipconfig will return, amongst other things, the host’s IP address, its subnet mask and default gateway C:\WINDOWS.000>ipconfig /? Windows 98 IP Configuration Command line ... C:\WINDOWS.000>nbtstat /? Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/ IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/ IP) NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S] [interval]...
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