... double-stranded SRF cDNA fragment from plasmid pCGNSRF was used as the probe for the detection of SRF mRNA in wild type mouse and SRF- Tg heart, as well as the antisenseSRF transcripts in Anti -SRF- Tg heart, ... overexpression of SRF transgenic (SRF- Tg) mice 1B DNA construct for the generation of cardiac-specific antisense -SRF transgenic (Anti -SRF- Tg) mice 1C Western blot revealed increased SRF protein in SRF- Tg ... decreased SRF protein level in Anti -SRF- Tg versus WT mice 1D Northern blot analysis of cardiac gene expression in wild-type (WT) versus SRF- Tg, as well as WT versus AntiSRF-Tg (Anti -SRF) mice The SRF...
... transcription factors known to regulate smooth muscle cell differentiation, serumresponsefactor (SRF) is perhaps the most central and best studied one i SRF and the SRFresponse element SRF was named ... regulation of SRF activity in SMCs through interaction with SRF transcription cofactors and chromatin remodeling enzymes ii SRF transcription cofactors Among all the SRF transcription cofactors, myocardin ... box) is the core sequence of the serumresponse element Although the terms serum 10 response element and CArG box are sometimes used interchangeably, the serumresponse element contains not...
... Mechanism of binding of serumresponsefactor to serumresponse element FEBS J 272, 3105– 3119 Lee T, Shi Y & Schwartz RJ (1992) Displacement of BrdUrd-induced YY1 by serumresponsefactor activates ... ras transformation by serumresponsefactor J Biol Chem 269, 13740–13743 11 Hill CS, Wynne J & Treisman R (1994) Serum- regulated transcription by serumresponsefactor (SRF) : a novel role for ... GC-rich element located between two positive-acting serumresponse factor- binding element J Biol Chem 272, 6332–6340 19 Miano JM (2003) Serumresponse factor: toggling between disparate programs of...
... L Sisinni et al Structure of acidic stress responsefactor HP1286 One protein that has been found in the external medium by many independent studies ... 1896–1905 ª 2010 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS 1897 Structure of acidic stress responsefactor HP1286 L Sisinni et al ˚ higher resolution, 2.1 A Statistics on structure determination ... 2010 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS L Sisinni et al Structure of acidic stress responsefactor HP1286 Table Intersubunit contacts Residues are considered to be in contact when at...
... ª 2006 FEBS 3713 Insulin-like growth factorsignaling A Fanzani et al A B Fig Neu2 expression is strictly dependent on insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling (A) C2BP5 cells were grown ... Journal compilation ª 2006 FEBS A Fanzani et al Insulin-like growth factorsignaling A C B D E F G H Fig Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)-induced hypertrophy enhances Neu2 expression in murine ... Fanzani et al Insulin-like growth factorsignaling [3H]Thymidine incorporation Cells were seeded in 24-well plates at · 10 cell ⁄ mL in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 37 °C...
... proliferation of SMC incubated with fetal bovine serum (Fig 1B) Moreover, EPA and DHA reduced the increased BrdU incorporation in response to serum by 50 or 60%, respectively (Fig 1B) Altogether, ... SMC with AA increased the cyclin D1 gene promoter activity in response to IL-1b by twofold and by fourfold in response to fetal bovine serum In contrast, the incorporation of n-3 PUFAs (EPA or DHA) ... the early growth response factor- 1 (Egr-1)-mediated activity of the cyclin D1 gene promoter (A) Effect of PUFA on the interleukin-b (IL1b)-induced DNA-binding activity of Egr-1 Serum- starved cells...
... Zhou, W (1999) Dominant negative murine serumresponse factor: alternative splicing within the activation domain inhibits transactivation of serumresponsefactor binding targets Mol Cell Biol 19, ... enriched factors SerumResponseFactor and GATA-4 are mutual coregulators Mol Cell Biol 20, 7550–7558 40 Bushel, P., Kim, J.H., Chang, W., Catino, J.J., Ruley, H.E & Kumar, C.C (1995) Two serumresponse ... mice overexpressing a mutant form of serumresponsefactor J Biol Chem 276, 40033–40040 42 Kemp, P.R & Metcalfe, J.C (2000) Four isoforms of serumresponsefactor that increase or inhibit smooth-muscle-specific...
... Intrinsic disorder in Par-4 D S Libich et al Fig Sequence alignment of the prostate apoptosis responsefactor (Par-4) A BLASTP ⁄ CLUSTALW [102,103] alignment of sequences of Par-4 from various species: ... a control factor hub for apoptosis The advantage of disorder in dynamic processes Conclusions Intrinsic disorder may impart several advantages to Par-4 in its role as a pro-apoptotic factor Because ... Cayrol C, Clouaire T, Amalric F & Girard JP (2003) THAP1 is a nuclear proapoptotic factor that links prostate-apoptosis -response- 4 (Par-4) to PML nuclear bodies Oncogene 22, 2432–2442 30 Boosen M,...
... Activation of the transcription factor NF-jB can be triggered by exposure of cells to a multitude of external stimuli, including the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and interleukin-1a ... underlying properties of this signaling pathway To summarize Activation of cells via stimuli, TNF-a [12] and IL-1a [58] induces activation of the NF-jB transcription factor The consequences of how ... We have shown that the inhibition of IKK2 blocks response in vitro Despite the fact that IKK2 has been identied as a key participant in the NF-jB signaling pathways, both our cell-based and in...
... presence of various binding sites for transcription factors such as activator protein-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-B [22] The principal components in the signaling cascades resulting in activation of ... that the MAPK signaling system participates in the upregulation of CD38 gene expression in response to HIV-1-relevant stimuli such as HIV-1 YU-2 and IL-1b, via NF-B transcription factor We show ... of this signaling pathway during neuroinflammatory conditions like HIVE may have important therapeutic implications The transcription factor NF-B is a crucial mediator in the IL-1b signaling...
... TGF-beta signaling capacity, but also that disrupted TGF-beta signaling can indeed induce a distorted repair capacity of cartilage cartilage repair capacity Effect of transforming growth factor ... growth factor counteraction on IL-1-mediated effects in cartilage of old mice Ann Rheum Dis 2002, 61:1095-1098 Itoh S, Itoh F, Goumans MJ, ten Dijke P: Signaling of transforming growth factor- beta ... analysis, a Student's t-test was used * = p < 0.05 molecules various transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling Staining ofin cartilage molecules in cartilage Paraffin sections of knee joints...
... Massicotte et al Figure response to insulin-like growth osteoarthitis (OA) osteoblasts in Cell proliferation of normal and factor (IGF)-1 stimulation response to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 stimulation ... Syp and Grb2 play key roles in the signaling pathways of other growth factors in Obs besides IGF-1, this may also suggest an abnormal response to these growth factors in OA Obs Competing interests ... could actually promote IGF-1 signaling A functional and highly phosphorylated SHP-2/Syp is necessary for sustained activation of ERK1/2 response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation in...
... dependent signaling in the SCN are largely unknown, but mechanisms that in other systems give rise to signaling specificity - cell-type specific responses to the activation of common signaling ... responsible Phases of differential SCN signaling responsiveness cycle with circadian time, however, and thus components responsible for circadian modulation of signaling responses must also cycle with ... of upstream signaling pathways Results and discussion The objectives of the current study were to identify genes responsive to EGFR signaling in the SCN, to determine whether these responses are...
... 1.1.3 Current treatments and future direction for asthma Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway 41 48 1.2.1 Introduction of NF-κB signaling pathway 48 1.2.2 Role of NF-κB pathway in allergic inflammation ... inflammation with persistent nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway activation This association has made NF-κB, a master pro-inflammatory transcription factor, an attractive therapeutic target ... kinases Myd Myeloid differentiation primary response gene NEMO NF-κB essential modulator Neu Neutrophil NFAT Nuclear factor activated T cell NF-κB Nuclear factor- κB NHBE Normal human bronchial epithelial...
... This process involves nuclear factors such as Ebox factors, early B cell factors, and NF-κB signaling (Schutte et al., 2012) In particular, some components of NF-κB signaling influence several ... growth factor; PAF, platelet activating factor; PDGF, plateletderived growth factor; PG, prostaglandin; RANTES, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted; SCF, stem cell factor; ... CCL13; monocytes chemotactic protein (MCP)1-4 and; growth factors (e.g vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and basic fibroblast growth factors [bFGF]) These newly synthesized products are only...
... retain the ability to undergo squamous differentiation in response to serum BEAS-2B cells have been used to study pulmonary inflammatory response in a large number of studies (Verstraelen et al., ... harvest the serum, the blood was subjected to centrifugation at 3000 rpm for at oC Serum was harvested from the top layer of the supernatant and stored at -80 oC for further analysis Serum level ... project are as follows: Bicinchonic acid (BCA) protein assay kit, calf bovine serum (CBS); custom control siRNA; fetal bovine serum (FBS); M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent containing phosphatase...
... silencing could modify an ongoing OVA-specific Th2 response in vivo, serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were determined Marked elevations in serum total IgE and OVA-specific IgE levels were ... is required to establish Th1 response rather than Th2 response They showed that T cells from OVA-sensitised Rip-2 knockout mice were able secrete IL-4 In addition, serum IgG1 level from OVA-sensitised ... modify an ongoing OVA-specific Th2 response in vivo, serum level of total and OVA specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were determined using ELISA Marked elevation in serum total IgE, OVA-specific IgE,...
... factors, namely auxin responsefactor transcription factors family (ARF); second, we concentrate on discovery of candidate genes involved in hormone metabolism and signaling in plant stress responses ... stress conditions Contents 3.1 Roles of auxin responsefactor transcription factor in soybean in response to drought stress 3.2 Roles of strigolactone in response to drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis ... focus on the auxin responsefactor transcription factor family in soybean (GmARF) and the pivotal role of SL in abiotic stress response in plant 1.2 The mechanisms of plant responses to environmental...
... measurements signaling- 2 and suppressors of cytokine signalingpressors of cytokine for cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressors of cytokine signaling- 2 and suppressors of cytokine signaling3 ... epinephrine and higher TNFα responses in the PN group in one study [26] – whereas in another study the responses to endotoxin were essentially comparable, albeit with a reduced IL-6 response [27] Notwithstanding ... cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are inhibitors of cytokine and GH signaling via the janus kinase and signal transducer and activator pathway, which appear to inhibit cytokine and GH signaling...
... adrenomedullin and hepatocyte growth factor are paracrine factors secreted by transplanted MSCs, decreasing myocardial fibrosis [7–9] Whether other paracrine factors released by MSCs mediate these ... fibroblasts grown in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum at 24 h after IL-10 treatment at different concentrations **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus 10% fetal bovine serum treatment group (C) The relative ... angiotensin II and IL-10 BrdU incorporation into cardiac fibroblast under normal 10% fetal bovine serum or serum- free culture conditions IL-10 also decreased type I and III collagen and a-smooth muscle...