... paper describes the lexicon, grammar, and semantics of English, Gemini has also been used in a Japanese spo- ken languageunderstandingsystem (Kameyama, 1992). 2.1. Grammar Formalism Gemini ... that when they are formulated loosely, as in the pre- vious paragraph, they appear to conflict. In par- ticular, in ( 2a) , Right Association seems to call for the parse that makes for Mary a ... grammatical category plays a spe- cial role in the typing scheme of Gemini. For each category, Gemini makes a set of declarations stipu- lating its allowable features and the relevant value spaces....
... knowledge and that a sophisticated naturallanguage sys- tem must have a large knowledge base. But heretofore, the knowledge bases in naturallanguage systems have either encoded only a few kinds ... for aNaturalLanguageSystem Jerry R. Hobbs Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International and Center for the Study of Language and Information Stanford University Abstract A sophisticated ... been carried out as part of a project to build asystemfornaturallanguage access to a computerized medical textbook on hepatitis. The user asks a question in English, and rather than at-...
... lexicai lookup, syntactic parsing, semantic analysis, and pragmatic analysis. Each stage has been designed to use linguistic data such as the lexicon and grammar, which are maintained separately ... integrated these large scale linguistic resources into our natural languageunderstanding system. Client- server architecture was used to make a large volume of lexical information and a large ... (WordNet-based KB concept names from ISI see text) 984 Integration of Large-Scale Linguistic Resources in aNatural Language UnderstandingSystem Lewis M. Norton, Deborah A. Dahl, Li Li, and Katharine...
... long-range research prt~gram rather than as a short-term goal. Motiva!ion Rcasearch on naturallanguage processing sys- tems today strives for the construction of robust and portable systems) ... eliminate arbitrariness. Rather, a definition of representative corpus must take into account tile research goals pursued. For anaturallanguagesystem which is sup- posed to analyze and ... (;ci'many lhnaih !,1'~!! at I)! ll)iBM I.BITNI'71' ABSTRACT The desire to construct robust and portable na- tural language systems has led to research on how a core vocabulary...
... template-based approach that has been taken in the system, enables the basic language generation algorithms application independent and language independent. At the final stage of language generation ... Generation’, is a branch of computational linguistics, which deals with automatic genera-tion of text in natural human language by the machine. It can be conceptualized as a process leading from a high ... Pradipta Biswas School of Information Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302 INDIA pbiswas@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in Abstract Natural Language Generation (NLG) is a way...
... the ACL Student Research Workshop, pages 61–66,Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational LinguisticsTowards an Optimal Lexicalization in a Natural- Sounding Portable ... Abstract In contrast to the latest progress in speech recognition, the state-of-the-art in natural language generation for spoken language dialog systems is lagging behind. The core dialog managers ... (LExicalization in natural language GENeration for Dialog systems) adapts the pipeline architecture presented in section 2.1 by replacing the document planner with the dialog manager. This makes...
... data, and possibly a single fragmented block. If a file system block must be fragmented to obtain space fora small amount of data, the remaining fragments of the blockare made available for allocation ... blocks that a user may allocate. A separate quota can be set for each user on eachfile system. Resources are given both a hard and a soft limit. When a program exceeds a soft limit, a warn-ing ... Performance −measurements, operational analysis; H.3.2 [Information Systems]: Information Storage − file organizationAdditional Keywords and Phrases: UNIX, file system organization, file system performance,...
... operating system. - Easy to manage, update database: Database is located at dedicated server that managers can maintain and update it easily.- Quick delivery: web-based model make it portable to ... that contains all logic data of application. Separating logic data from application into it will make program scalable and higher performance.Most of web applications today use Relational Database ... load data from the system because only a part of web page is updated. It does not need to load entire web page.- Access management: each user can access content and use many features that are...
... proposedthat consists of cooperative working platform,consulting platform, individual KM platform ,organizational KM platform, and knowledgetransfer platform. This system can effectivelymanage ... addition, the same question can be askedagain and again and the quality of the answerscan not be guaranteed. Therefore, the organiza-tion can have personnel in charge of monitoringand tracking questions ... Venkataramanan M. 2003. Enter-prise resource planning: managing the implementa-tion process. European Journal of Operational Research146: 302–314.Motwni J, Mirchandani D, Madan M, Gunasekaran...
... Recognition Evaluation (LRE) data. The database was intended to establish a baseline of performance capability for language recognition of conversational tele-phone speech. The database contains recorded ... identification us-ing Gaussian Mixture model tokenization, in Proc. of ICASSP. Yonghong Yan, and Etienne Barnard. 1995. An ap-proach to automatic language identification based on language dependent ... 515–522,Ann Arbor, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational Linguistics A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification Haizhou Li and Bin Ma Institute for Infocomm Research...
... hardware became sophisticated enough tocollect and analyze larger and larger datasets of language fragments. This entailed beingable to create statistical language models that actually perform ... reasonableaccuracy for different naturallanguage tasks.As one example of the increasing availability of data, Google has recently released theGoogle Ngram Corpus. The Google Ngram dataset allows ... will concern us when annotating natural language data: consuming and non-consuming tags. A consuming tag refers to a meta-data tag that has real content from the dataset associated with it (e.g.,...
... Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi,Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.Fax: + 81 75 595 4758, Tel.: + 81 75 595 4653,E-mail: hatayama@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jpAbbreviations: SA, ... cyclooxygenase and nuclear factor-kappa Bactivation [9,10]. In addition to the anti-inflammatoryeffects, it is noteworthy that SA which can activate HSFFig. 4. Effect of SA on accumulation ofHsp105 and ... simplescreening systemfor stress response modulators in mammalian cellsKeiichi Ishihara, Kenji Horiguchi, Nobuyuki Yamagishi and Takumi HatayamaDepartment of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University,...
... not readily available (Zhao etal., 2010).In contrast, bilingual parallel data is in abundanceand has been used in extracting paraphrase (Ban-nard and Callison-Burch, 2005; Zhao et al., 2008b;Callison-Burch, ... issues are also raisedin (Zhao and Wang, 2010) about using automaticmetrics: paraphrase changes less gets larger BLEUscore and the evaluations of paraphrase quality andrate tend to be incompatible.To ... and William B. Dolan. 2011. Collectinghighly parallel data for paraphrase evaluation. In ACL,pages 190–200.David Chiang. 2007. Hierarchical phrase-based transla-tion. Computational Linguistics,...