automated data extraction from the web
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Extraction and Approximation of Numerical Attributes from the Web" pdf
... of the addressed numerical at-tributes.Evaluation was done using human subjects. Itis difficult to do an automated evaluation, since the nature of the data is different from that of the QA dataset. ... indeedmost (≥ 50%) of the retrieved values fit the re-trieved bounds. If the lower and/or upper bound1311 contradicts more than half of the data, we reject the bound. Otherwise we remove all ... value for the givenobject. During the first stage it is possible thatwe directly extract from the text a set of valuesfor the requested object. The bounds processingstep rejects some of these...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A DOM Tree Alignment Model for Mining Parallel Data from the Web" doc
... that, using the new web mining scheme, the web mining throughput is increased by 32%; (ii) The quality of the mined data is improved. By lever-aging the web pages’ HTML structures, the sen-tence ... English-Chinese parallel data from the web. The mining procedure is initiated by acquiring Chinese website list. We have downloaded about 300,000 URLs of Chinese websites from the web directories ... performance on the web data, the similarity of the HTML tag struc-tures between the parallel web documents should be leveraged properly in the sentence alignment model. In order to improve the quality...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Collection of Related Terms from the Web" pptx
... query is a term, its hitis the number of pages that contain the term on the Web. We use the following notation.H(x)= the number of pages that contain the term x” The number H (x) can be used ... in the compiled corpus.R: the target term did not exist on the collected web pages.Only 43 terms (20%) out of 210 terms were col-lected by the system. This low recall primarilycomes from the ... Sentence extraction The system decomposes each page into sen-tences, and extracts the sentences that contain the seed term s. The reason why we use the additional three queriesis that they work...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Set Instance Extraction using the Web" pptx
... com-ponents: the Fetcher, Extractor, and Ranker. The Fetcher is responsible for fetching web docu-ments, and the URLs of the documents come from top results retrieved from the search engine us-ing the ... a page. Allother candidate instances bracketed by these con-textual strings derived from a particular page areextracted from the same page.After the candidates are extracted, the Rankerconstructs ... instance extraction for each dataset measured in MAP. NP is the NoisyInstance Provider, NE is the Noisy Instance Expander, and BS is the Bootstrapper.quality of the initial list, and the Bootstrapper...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Acquisition of Ranked Qualia Structures from the Web" potx
... (not calculated over the Web) as well as the conditional probability cal-culated over the Web (Web- P) delivered the best re-sults, while the PMI-based ranking measure yielded the worst results. ... coefficient (Web- Jac), the PointwiseMutual Information (Web- PMI) and the conditionalprobability (Web- P). We also present a version of the conditional probability which does not use the Web but merely ... appropriatequeries to the web search engine and choosing the article leading to the highest number of results. The corresponding patterns are then matched in the 50snippets returned by the search engine...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Mining Parenthetical Translations from the Web by Word Alignment" potx
... our modified version of the competitive link-ing algorithm, the link score of a pair of words is the sum of the φ2 scores of the words themselves, their prefixes and their suffixes. In addition ... BLEU score based on the test data in the 2006 NIST MT Evaluation Workshop. 6 Related Work Nagata et al. (2001) made the first proposal to mine translations from the web. Their work was concentrated ... pairs, where the translation of the in-parenthesis terms is a suffix of the pre-parenthesis text. The lengths and frequency counts of the suffixes have been used to determine what is the translation...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Semantic Class Learning from the Web with Hyponym Pattern Linkage Graphs" pdf
... hyponym patterns toextract class instances from the web and then evalu-ates them further by computing mutual informationscores based on web queries. The work by (Widdows and Dorow, 2002) on lex-ical ... to instantiate the pattern. On the first iteration, the pattern is given to Google as a web query, and new class members are extracted from the retrieved text snippets. We wanted the system to ... progresses. Initially, the seed is the onlytrusted class member and the only vertex in the graph. The bootstrapping process begins by instan-tiating the doubly-anchored pattern with the seedclass...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Extracting Hypernym Pairs from the Web" potx
... relations from the web. Wecompare our approach with hypernym ex-traction from morphological clues and from large text corpora. We show that the abun-dance of available data on the web enablesobtaining ... in em-ploying the web for the extraction of hypernym re-lations. We are especially curious about whether the size of the web allows to achieve meaningful resultswith basic extraction techniques.In ... WordNet. In the centergroup of ten pairs all errors are caused by the mor-phological approach while all other errors originate from the web extraction method.4 Concluding remarks The contributions...
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![interactive data visualization for the web - s. murray (o'reilly, 2013) [ecv] ww](https://media.store123doc.com/images/document/14/y/ud/small_5IcI4seU9K.jpg)
Tài liệu Module 11: Accessing Data from the Outlook 2000 Client ppt
... Accessing Data from the Outlook 2000 Client Using the Data Source Control Function of the Data Source ControlUsed as the reporting engineManages the connection to the underlying data ... list from a relational data source, the PivotTable Service is used to create a multidimensional data cube from the relational data bound to the Data Source control. This data cube is then used ... manipulate data from the data source, and disconnect from the data source when you finish using the data. One of the major benefits of ADO is that it requires fewer calls to achieve the same...
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Tài liệu Fertility, Family Planning, and Women’s Health: New Data From the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth pptx
... nonvoluntaryintercourse.Onesetofquestionswasintheinterviewer-administeredportionofthesurveyandthesecondwasintheself-administeredportion(AudioCASI).Intheinterviewer-administeredseries,theywereaskedwhethertheirfirstintercoursewas‘‘voluntaryornotvoluntary.’’Forabout8percentofwomen15–44yearsofagewhohavehadintercourse,theirfirstintercoursewasnotvoluntary(table21).Forthosewhosefirstintercourseoccurredatage15oryounger,thatfirstintercoursewasnonvoluntaryfor16percentcomparedwith7percentorlessforthosewhosefirstintercourseoccurredatage16orolder.Thepercentwhosefirstintercoursewasnonvoluntaryisnearly10percentamongwomenwhosefirstintercoursewasbefore1975comparedwithabout6percentamongwomenwhofirsthadintercourseinthe1990’s(table21).Intheself-administered(AudioCASI)portionoftheinterview,womenwereaskedarelatedbutdifferentquestion:whethertheyhadeverbeenforcedbyamantohavesexualintercourseagainsttheirwill.About20percentofwomenreportedthattheyhadbeenforcedbyamantohaveintercourseagainsttheirwillatsometimeintheirlives(table22).Thus,table21showsthatfor8percentofwomen,theirfirstintercoursewasnonvoluntary;table22showsthat20percenthadhadnonvoluntaryintercourseatsometime—notnecessarilyatfirstintercourse.Table22alsoshowsthat6percentofwomenreportedthattheywereforcedtohaveintercoursebeforetheywere15andanother6percentbeforetheywere18.Afairlyhighpercentofformerlymarried(divorcedorseparated)women—about35percent—reportedthattheyhadbeenforcedtohaveintercourse.Thisfindingdeservesfurtherstudy.FirstSexualPartnerTherehasbeenmuchpublicdiscussionaboutthepartnersofsexuallyactiveteenagers.Table23profilestheageofmalepartnersatwomen’sfirstvoluntaryintercourse.Abouttwo-thirds(66percent)ofwomenwhohadtheirfirstvoluntaryintercoursebeforetheywere16hadfirstpartnerswhowereunder18yearsofage;21percenthadfirstpartners18–19yearsofage;7percenthadfirstpartners20–22yearsofage,2percenthadfirstpartners23–24yearsofage,and4percenthadfirstpartners25yearsofageorolder(table23).Only3percentofwomenhadtheirfirstintercoursewithamantheyjustmet.About3outof5women(61percent)were‘‘goingsteady’’or‘‘goingtogether’’withthemantheyhadintercoursewiththefirsttime,andabout1in5wereengagedormarriedtohim.About12percentofallwomenweremarriedwhentheyhadtheirfirstintercourse.Amongwomen40–44yearsofage(bornin1951–55),23percentweremarriedtotheirpartneratfirstintercoursewhileabout2percentofwomen15–19yearsofage(born1971–75)weremarriedtotheirfirstpartner.Womenwholivedwithbothoftheirparentsthroughouttheirchildhoodweremorelikelythanotherwomentohavebeenmarriedtotheirpartneratfirstintercourse(table24).FirstIntercourseRelativetoFirstMarriageAmongever-marriedwomen15–44yearsofage,82percenthadfirstintercoursebeforetheyweremarried.About69percentofthosefirstmarriedin1965–74hadtheirfirstintercoursebeforemarriagecomparedwith89percentofthosefirstmarriedinthe1990’s.Only2percentofthosefirstmarriedin1965–74hadtheirfirstintercourse5yearsormorebeforemarriagecomparedwith56percentofthosefirstmarriedinthe1990’s(table25).NumberofSexualPartnersAsmentionedpreviously,somequestionsonabortion,sexualpartners,andforcedsexualintercoursewereaskedinboththeinterviewer-administeredandtheself-administered(AudioCASI)portionsoftheinterview.Responsestosensitivequestionsappeartohavebeenaffectedbythecomputerself-administeredmodeofinterviewing.Tables26–31showdataonthenumberofsexualpartnersinthelast1year,5years,andlifetime,usingboththeinterviewer-administeredandself-administeredmethods.Presentingdatabasedonbothmodesofinterviewingallowstheexaminationofdifferencesinreportingduetothemodeofinterviewing(table26versus27,table28versus29,andtable30versus31);andtheselectionoffindingsmostappropriateforcomparisontoothersurveys.About3percentofunmarriedwomentoldtheinterviewerthattheyhadhadfourormoremalesexualpartnersinthelast12months(table26),comparedwith9percentreportingfourormorepartnersinAudioCASI(table27).AsimilardisparitywasfoundwhencomparingtheinterviewerresultswithAudioCASIresultsforthenumberofpartnerssinceJanuary1991(alittlelessthan5years,onaverage).Amongunmarriedwomen,14percenttoldtheinterviewertheyhadfourormoremalesexualpartnerssinceJanuary1991(table28)while18percentreportedinAudioCASIthattheyhadhadfourormorepartnersinthattime(table29).Thistopicdeservesmoredetailedstudy,butitappearsthatusingthemoreprivateinterviewtechniquegaveahigherandpresumablymorecompleteestimateofthenumberofpartnersamongunmarriedwomen(8,11).MarriageandCohabitationTables32–37show1995dataonformalmarriageandunmarriedcohabitation.About38percentofwomen15–44yearsofagehadneverbeenmarriedwheninterviewedin1995(table32).Thepercentnevermarriedwashigherineveryagegroupin1995thanitwasin1982(24).Abouthalfofwomen25–39yearsofagehavehadanunmarriedcohabitationwithamanatsometimeintheirlives;10to11percentofwomenintheirtwentiesarecurrentlycohabitingwithaman(table33).About30percentofwomen25–39yearsofagelivedwithaman(cohabited)beforetheirfirstmarriage(table34).Overone-half(57percent)ofSeries23,No.19[Page5 ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledhersamplingweight.Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondentsrace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignicancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsndingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was1834yearsofagein1982,2442yearsofagein1988,and3149yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(196580)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen1544yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995 ,the numberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen2024yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen2529droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen3044yearsofageincreasedsharplyforexample,thenumberofwomen4044yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women3044yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen1544yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen1544yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicuselesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springeld,VA22161,703487-4650,or1800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMlesshouldbedirectedtoNCHSDataDisseminationBranchat301436-8500.ResultsTables117containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women1544yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women1544yearsofageexpectedtonishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables45):about49percentofwomen2244yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen2244yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcerticatesintheyears199194.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears199194 ,the NSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcerticatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFGssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcerticatedata.AdiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedenitionofRaceandHispanicoriginintheDenitionsofTerms.Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Ageơ ... HumanServices. These organizations, alongwith leading researchers from outside the government, helped to design the survey. Further details on the planningand operation of the survey are given...
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