anatomy of the human heart ppt

anatomy of the human body - henry gray

... VII. The Veins 1. Introduction2. The Pulmonary Veins3. The Systemic Veins a. The Veins of the Heart b. The Veins of the Head and Neck 1. The Veins of the Exterior of the Head and Face2. The ... Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. 7. The Notochord The notochord (Fig. 19) consists of a rod of cells situated on the ventral aspect of the neural tube; it constitutes the foundation of the ... of the Neck3. The Diploic Veins4. The Veins of the Brain5. The Sinuses of the Dura Mater. Ophthalmic Veins and Emissary Veinsc. The Veins of the Upper Extremity and Thorax d. The Veins of...

Tài liệu Facing Human Capital Challenges of the 21st Century ppt

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... improve the human capital or skills of a country’s population, or to facilitate the employ-ment of human capital in diverse sectors of the economy. Table 1.1 provides the categories of reforms ... set of reforms designed to promote the use of human resources through more-general reforms to the labor market or the economy. In the case of the labor market, these could encompass, for example, ... general interest in human capital and economic initiatives.12 Facing Human Capital Challenges of the 21st CenturyWe used the interview notes to provide an overview of the areas of human capital...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Multiple promoters regulate tissue-speciﬁc alternative splicing of the human kallikrein gene, KLK11⁄hippostasin ppt

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... encoded another type of KLK11, isoform 2,despite the presence of exon 1c. The secretory path-ways of KLK11 isoforms appeared to differ, althoughboth isoforms were secreted from cells. Hence, the ... show the transcription initiation sites of the human and a white arrowhead shows the transcription initiation site of the mouse. Dashes show gaps and asterisks show the same nucleotide in the ... mechan-ism of KLK11 gene expression.ResultsThree different primary transcripts are derivedfrom the human KLK11 geneWe determined the nucleotide sequences of 15 clones of the PCR products from the human...

Báo cáo khoa học: Novel repressor of the human FMR1 gene ) identiﬁcation ¨ of p56 human (GCC)n-binding protein as a Kruppel-like transcription factor ZF5 ppt

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... to the protein of interest. In the case of the rpL32 fragmentor the (GCC)9sequence, there are several repeatedZF5-binding sites within a single oligonucleotide.Therefore, the affinity of ... (1994)Identification of a GC element in the promotor of the murine L32 ribosomal protein L32 gene and the 3¢-ter-minal region of the human apolipoprotein A-I gene,capable of binding with murine and human ... Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The first pair of primers(5¢-GGCCTTCAAGGCATTAAG-3¢,5¢-AAACAAATGGCCTGTCCG-3¢) spanned a 958 bp 5¢-part of the ZF5coding region; the...

Báo cáo khoa học: Identiﬁcation of NF1 as a silencer protein of the human adenine nucleotide translocase-2 gene pptx

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... in front of the HSVtk promoter and transfected into HeLa cells.CAT activity was normalized for transfection efficiency. The values of the activities are set relative to the activity of the clone ... mL of sample. The column was eluted at0.1 mLÆmin)1. Fractions of 0.5 mL were collected after the void volume of the column.SDS/PAGE and protein identification by MALDI-TOF MSSamples from the ... identifica-tion of NF1 by MALDI-TOF MS is based primarily onpeptide mass matches within the conserved DNA bindingdomain, we cannot distinguish between the variousisoforms. Furthermore, NF1 exist in the...

Báo cáo khoa học: 15-Deoxy D12,14-prostaglandin J2 suppresses transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c in human erythroleukemia cells ppt

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... independent of 15d-PGJ2stimulation.Thereafter, the precise site of action of 15d-PGJ2was identiﬁed by further 5¢ deletion analysis dissecting the )192 to )154 region of Prm3. Deletion of the PPARc ... (DR5). These dataprovide direct evidence for the role of PPARc in the regulation of human TP gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical dif-ferences in the modes of transcriptional ... 15d-PGJ2-suppres-sion of luciferase expression. On the other hand, eitherdeletion of the latter PPARc (b) and RXR IV halfsites, such as within the )154 subfragment, or dis-ruption of the RXR IV half...

Báo cáo Y học: Puriﬁcation and biochemical characterization of some of the properties of recombinant human kynureninase pptx

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... sepa-rations. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS/PAGE, and the molecular mass veriﬁed by MALDI-TOFMS. The monomeric molecular mass of 52.4 kDa deter-mined was > 99.99% of the predicted ... metabolism.Rapid progress in the pathophysiology of human diseaseshas always been hampered by the availability of human tissue, aesthetics, and ethical considerations. The principleaim of this study was ... 2), with a Ki of 100 nM.Thelattertwo compounds were also found to be mixed inhibitors of the enzyme (data not shown). The pH optimum was determined as 8.25 and the activity of the enzyme was...

Báo cáo khoa học: Recent insights into cerebral cavernous malformations: animal models of CCM and the human phenotype pptx

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... exhibit the same pheno-type as the heg mutant ﬁsh – that of the dilated heart covered by a single layer of myocardium. The similar-ity of the phenotype in these nonsense alleles suggestedthat these ... failure in mice lacking Ccm2. The connections of the heart to the aorta, and the associated cranial portions of the dorsalaorta are narrowed in mice lacking Ccm2. The paired dorsal aortae in a ... mutation exhibit a dilated heart phenotype. The myocardium proliferates to anormal number of cells, but instead of building intoconcentric layers to form the walls of the heart, the myocardial cells...

Báo cáo khoa học: Site-directed enzymatic PEGylation of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor pptx

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... structure of the 17glutamines present in the wild-type G-CSF. The ﬁrst column reports the position of the glutamines in the wild-type protein sequence. The second column indicates the percentage of ... determine the yield of the reaction.PEGylated G-CSF and mutant analysis The characterization of the PEGylation sites of the wild-type and mutant G-CSF was performed by combiningPEGylation of the ... The Authors Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBS 6741 The analysis of the trajectories of the equilibratedMD simulation showed that the root mean squaredﬂuctuations (RMSFs) of the protein have their...

Báo cáo khoa học: The propeptide of cruzipain ) a potent selective inhibitor of the trypanosomal enzymes cruzipain and brucipain, and of the human enzyme cathepsin F ppt

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... loop in the primed side of the binding sitegroove. Although the prodomains of cathepsins F andW share the same degree of similarity to the prodo-main of cruzipain, the similarity of the mature ... type of N-terminal tag was previ-ously used for the expression of the propeptide of human cathepsin K, and it did not interfere with the inhibitory activity of the protein [24]. Although some of the ... cross-inhibition of brucipain by PCZ. The pro-domain of cruzipain shares the highest identity with the C-terminal portion (residues Pro147–Leu251) of the prodomain of cathepsin F (32%) and that of cath-epsin...

Báo cáo khóa học: Structural characterization of the human Nogo-A functional domains Solution structure of Nogo-40, a Nogo-66 receptor antagonist enhancing injured spinal cord regeneration ppt

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... functional studies of Nog o-A.On the other hand, the recent identiﬁcation of Nogo-40as a potent NgR antagonist suggests a promising startingpoint for the design of potential therapeutic agents ... Zn2+.Furthermore, the d etermination of the Nogo-40 solutionstructure offers a starting point for further understanding the interaction between NgR and Nogo-40, and forfuture designs of molecules ... stabilized by the introduction of the helix-stabilizing solvent triﬂuoroethanol.We report here the structure of Nogo-40, a Nogo-66Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the doma in organization o f the...

Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structures of the human SUMO-2 protein at 1.6 A and 1.2 A resolution ppt

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... with the Gly93 of another. The crystal structures of diubiquitin and tetraubiquitinshowed some alternatives of the quaternary c onformations of ubiquitin polymer for e fﬁcient r ecognition by the ... partic-ularly evident in the regions of 28–43 and 71–83, thatcorrespond to the strand b2, the N terminus of the h elix a1, the helix a2, and the connecting loop to the strand b5(Fig. 3 A,D).SuchalargedifferencebetweentheNMRandcrystalstructures ... residues 45–58 in the former model and 40 , 49 and 55–58 in the latter model of SUMO-2 and the equivalents of ubiquitin. Although the sequences have only 18% identity, the protein folds of SUMO-2 and...

Báo cáo khoa học: ERS1 encodes a functional homologue of the human lysosomal cystine transporter pptx

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... accumulation of cystine in the lysosome[1,2]. During the normal degradation of proteins in the lysosome, cystine, the disulﬁde-linked form of cysteine,is not reduced in the oxidating environment of the lysosome ... with which these CTNS mutant alle-les can complement ers1D. Importantly, the inability of these mutant ctns alleles to complement ers1D provides the proof of principle for the utility of yeast ... analysis of Gtr1–GFP fusions in livecells (data not shown). In the presence of Meh1, Gtr1is found at the vacuole, while in the absence of Meh1,Gtr1 appears to be localized to the cytosol. Given the degree...

Báo cáo khoa học: Recombinant derivatives of the human high-mobility group protein HMGB2 mediate efﬁcient nonviral gene delivery pptx

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... in the absence of competitor. As shown inFig. 6, in the presence of an amount of free IBB-HMGB2186comparable to the amount of protein in the complex, transfection efficiency was only 37% of controls, ... uptake of protein–DNAcomplexes via endocytosis. The IBB-HMGB2186molecule in the presence of the endosomolytic reagent was the most effective. Our results show thatrecombinant derivatives of human ... pCMS-eGFP-E2C-Lucwas used, which contains the eGFP-encoding gene under the control of the SV40 enhancer ⁄ promoter, and the fireflyPhotinus pyralis luciferase gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate...

Báo cáo Y học: S-Decyl-glutathione nonspeciﬁcally stimulates the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-binding domains of the human multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1 (ABCC1) ppt

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... ions but the hydro-lysis of ATP was also observed in the presence of manganese, cobalt and calcium ions (Table 1).To further characterize the ATPase activity of bothGST-NBDs, the effect of ATPase ... was tested of a number of allocrites tostimulate the ATPase activity of the NBDs of MRP1. The following compounds (tested at the indicated concentra-tions) had no signiﬁcant effect on the basal ... comparison, we havemeasured the effect of S-decyl-glutathione on the ATPaseactivity of MalK [40] and of GlcV, the ATP-binding subunit of a glucose uptake system from the thermoacidophilicSulfolobus...