... infection and its capacity to prognosticate severity of infection In addition, we evaluate the limitations of this technology in its current state, identify future challenges, and propose strategies that ... syndrome The authors conclude that these results are clinically useful for predicting early onset of sepsis However, they also point out the limitations ofthe technique The major limitation is that ... Prognostication of infection with heartratevariability analysis Determining prognosis, namely mortality risk that is secondary to the severity ofthe host response to infection, is another important...
... industry, and full consent to participate The study plan was accepted by the Ethics Committee ofthe Paul Stradins University's Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Methods The work ... [13] This coefficient identifies connectivity ofthe experimental data, the number of participants andthe proportion or correlation ofthe participants' acceptance ofthe experimental data: k ... ofthe first period of oscillations, calculated from the oscillation graph, characterizes the deformation ofthe tissue The data ofthe next oscillation period provided the basis for calculating...
... conclude that more than one frequency is present In other words, the length ofthesignal limits the frequency resolution This is distinct from the first factor, because the length ofthe input signal ... samples 256 to 511 Since all ofthe periods are the same, the portion ofthesignal that flows out of this period to the right, is the same that flows into this period from the left If you only ... taking the DFT The window makes the peaks look the same and reduces the tails, but broadens the peaks Chapter 9- Applicationsofthe DFT 175 This is also good Third, the window reduces the resolution...
... to a tree with many roots growing in distinct directions The trunk ofthe tree denotes the joint forces of scientists from different branches of study in the development of a wavelet theory The ... Equation (1.4)) In the following, we want to spread ofthe wavelet atoms in terms ofthe mother wavelet express the resolution ofthe dilated and translated wavelets is centered at ỉ A change of ... bandwidths in the Internet A substantial contribution of this dissertation is the introduction ofthe wavelet transform into hierarchical video coding andthe recommendation of parameter settings...
... to a tree with many roots growing in distinct directions The trunk ofthe tree denotes the joint forces of scientists from different branches of study in the development of a wavelet theory The ... Equation (1.4)) In the following, we want to spread ofthe wavelet atoms in terms ofthe mother wavelet express the resolution ofthe dilated and translated wavelets is centered at ỉ A change of ... bandwidths in the Internet A substantial contribution of this dissertation is the introduction ofthe wavelet transform into hierarchical video coding andthe recommendation of parameter settings...
... between them That is to say, we need not take the meaning ofthe terms explicitly into account, and there need be no stronger semantic relation between them than that of their occurring in the ... consider the sets of objects on each side ofthe partition to see whether they form clumps, and if they not, try moving objects across the partition until we get the required distribution To see whether ... convenient to list the properties and attach to each property a list ofthe objects that have it Listing the objects with their properties is much less economic, as the data is usually very sparse (The...
... (TFC) known to both transmitter and receiver The transceiver transmits a single OFDM symbol in one band, and then the next transmitted OFDM symbol is hopped to the next band Figure depicts OFDM ... sent for the code bit, and a soft bit of zero may indicate equal likelihood of ‘0’ or ‘1’ being sent for the code bit The soft bits from the QPSK demodulator are then input to the bit deinterleaver, ... symbols to output groups of 200 soft bits The soft bits from the DCM demapper are then input to the bit deinterleaver, the soft bit Viterbi decoder and then descrambled to recover the PSDU, as same...
... taken the bipolarity ofthe fifth bit to drive the two QPSK 24 Novel Applicationsofthe UWB Technologies constellations to two 8-ary PSK-like constellations Within a group of bits, the first and ... the channel output Y andthe channel input S We assume that there is no restriction on input signal other than imposing an average power constraint As the bandwidth increases, the data rateof ... MAI is the sum of expectation ofthe product of auto correlation and cross correlation In the conventional system this is expectation of product of auto correlation Due to the presence of cross...
... mixer The main spurs in the output spectrum ofthe transmitter are the LO leakage andthe sideband signalThe power ofthe LO leakage is determined by the offset ofthe I/Q ABB path In order to ... using this method could be found That is, the phase mismatch at the input will be transformed into the gain mismatch at the output; andthe gain mismatch at the input will be transformed into the ... pairs than without them Fig 16 Schematic ofthe multiplexer Fig 17 Simulation result ofthe MUX with and without the dummy pairs The output ofthe MUX is feed to a latter SSB mixer, which functions...
... the partitioned entity ofthe I&D andthe entity declaration structure At the highest abstraction level, the I&D electrical boundary is not defined and simply implements the math function x (t) dt, ... Novel Applicationsofthe UWB Technologies Therefore, the complete development ofthe DC/PMU must be faced at the end ofthe design but it shall not be considered less important than the others It ... if the system leads the state -of- the- art, even on its basic operation Efforts in the definition ofthe number of non-ideality of their description is an important trade-off because very accurate...
... equation (26), the first part is thesignal that we desire The second part represents the MAI that the other users make to user 1, andthe last part is the interference made by noise We are interested ... convolution operation We define the timing offset as ∆ ≔ , − Let us suppose that ∆ is in the range of [0, Ts) and we will show in the rest of this paper that this assumption will not affect the timing ... first test the MSE of NDA and DA TDT algorithms summarized in Section 3.1 The MSE is normalized by the square ofthe symbol duration T From Fig.4, we note that increasing the duration of the...
... consumption into the standard and hence meet the intent ofthe IEEE 802.15 standard to emphasize very low cost communication system Table 3.1 represents the standards and technology trend of WPAN technologies ... Tc is called chip interval So, chip rate, Rc = 1/Tc and corresponds to the bandwidth Bw ofthe transmitter signal is used to make wideband signal Where Bw>>Bs and Bs is thesignal bandwidth The ... receiver to de-spread the received signal But in our system only the length of code is used to estimate the transmitted bits PN code or chip code spreading thesignal bandwidth and its time duration,...
... (ROF) signalThe ROF UMTS signal propagated through a standard MMF (type OM3) ofthe length of 30m, and was detected by a PIN diode Then, the detected signal was onward transmitted through the ... a repeater) over the air to simplify the installation ofthe home network The other HAN's transmit the radio signals over the air to the target UE Case 2: Enterprise "Green Hospital" The Green ... The introduction ofthe HAN as an intermediate unit between HNB andthe UE should not affect the 3G protocol stack between the HBS andthe core network Coexistence ofthe relayed radio signals...
... well treated topic in the literature of statistical detection, which we not present in this chapter In the subsequent sections we provide various ways to derive the test statistic ξ used for the ... is the channel gain from the transmitter k to the intended receiver m, hum is the channel gain from the transmitter u to the unintended receiver m, Pu is transmitted power from the transmitter ... bands This information is then used together with the channel state estimation by the transmitter to adopt its transmissions accordingly Fig Cognitive Cycle corresponding to the communications and...
... (34) The purpose of such normalization is to let the support ofthe soft-spectrum mask match the support ofthe co-basis The support ofthe co-basis is not compact, but its energy is mostly (say ... Consequently, guard bandwidths will be set on the two sides ofthe primary WM signals and CR users can still work on the other spectra within the sensing bandwith without interfering with the primary ... values with a prefixed threshold andthe number of WM signals can be determined at the same time Then, the WM signals are approximated andthe center frequencies of these WM signals are estimated...
... required to obtain the high data rate However, the high threshold inherently increase the miss-detection probability and thus the throughput ofthe MB-OFDM system is decreased Fig The detection/miss-detection ... Novel Applicationsofthe UWB Technologies In order to minimize the interference time, the offered traffic of radio system A should be small andthe departure rate large The airtime of system B ... miss-detection ofthe primary system may not affect the performance ofthe UWB systems Thus, DAA technology is the effective interference mitigation techniques of high data rate UWB system Acknowledgment...
... failure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is the malalignment ofthe implants to the biomechanical axis ofthe patient To properly place the implant, the gaps after the resections between the ... than 0.3 mm It should be noted that the spatial spread ofthe base stations along the z-axis is the largest (2498 mm), while the x-axis is the smallest The Future of Ultra Wideband Systems in Medicine: ... more accurate depiction of which obstacles and structures will have the greatest effect on wireless propagation The drawback with ray tracing is the static nature ofthe results (i.e results are...
... sequentially and record the backscattered signal In the next step, the backscattered signals are synthetically focused at a synthetic focal point To focus the beam at the synthetic focal point, the travel ... due to heterogeneity ofthe tissue and skin backscatter The skin backscatter artifact is in the orders of magnitude larger than the other parts ofthesignaland can swamp the tumor response Thus, ... artifact from the data Nevertheless, skin structure is not the same all over the breast and this affects the similarity ofthe skin reflections at different receivers One ofthe factors that changes...
... ofthe early breast cancer Then the tumor location is varied on the line connecting the center to the antenna location from the center ofthe breast hemisphere to 5mm below the inner layer ofthe ... all three methods have eliminated the skin effect andthe tumor is detected in the resulting image To further evaluate the performance ofthe skin removal methods, the peak Tumor to Clutter Ratio ... clearly noticed in Fig as the radius ofthe object increases Furthermore, it is worth noting that the strength ofthe creeping wave contribution tends to reduce with the pipe size because ofthe field...