... along the lines of: English vowels are lengthened when they occur before a voiced consonant; otherwise they are not lengthened. So far we’ve seen [] and [:], [u] and [u:], [o] and [o:], [i] and ... dierence between [d] and [t] dierently from the way they treat the dierence between [th] and [t] and between longer and shorter versions of vowels. In the case of [t] and [d], the dierence can ... [o], [O], and [A] are longer than [I], [E], [], [U], and [V], when they occur in the same contexts. 2. In position in the mouth: [i] and [e] are higher and farther front than [I] and [E],...