... input factors, so a communication network provides communications services by consuming factors such as labour andinterconnection services, and by leasing equipment and simpler communications services.We ... size of thenetwork and its costs of operation must usually be taken as fixed. On short timescales,communications services resemble traditional digital goods, in that they have nearly zeromarginal ... band-width theory is applied to the pricing of transport service classes in Section 4.6. Here wePricing Communication Networks: Economics, Technology and Modelling.Costas Courcoubetis and Richard WeberCopyright2003...