... conventional thermal210 The thermodynamics of granular materials orifice into a cylinder and changes to a uniform source when the edges of the pilereaches the cylinder walls then the original sand pile ... individual voids. There are N of the former, one per grain, and M of the latter, giving altogether N + M dependent vectors. To determine the number216 The thermodynamics of granular materials gg′ρgρgg′rgg′′g′g′′′Fig. ... in two or that they are negligible for very soft222 The thermodynamics of granular materials the grains, rather than the quadrons, were taken as the fundamental particles of the system.At present...