... a solution to the problem of how to adjust the weights from input to hidden units. An answer to this question was presented byRumelhart, Hinton and Williams in 1986 (Rumelhart, Hinton, & ... (section 6.1) as well as in otherunsup ervised networks. Fukushima distinguishes b etween excitatory inputs and inhibitory inputs. The output of anexcitatory cell u is given by1u(k )=F1+e1+h; ... p ossible input vectors into twoclasses:X+= f x j d (x )=1g and X;= f x j d (x )=;1 g: (3.19)Since there are N input units, the total numb er of p ossible input vectors x is 2N. For...