... (2.10) and D = (D0 , , D|µ|−1)t is the solution of MD = such that φ(x, µ) dx = The value of φ(y, µR ) is found by replacing x with y and µ with µR The values of λ and |r| are the same for µ and ... the number of permutations that begin with an ascent and have run word N For example, the descent and run words of the permutation 3, 2, 7, 5, 1, 4, are dudduu and 1122, respectively, and 1122 ... sequence of symbols If v and w are words, then vw is the concatenation and w k is the concatenation of k copies of w The length |w| of w is the number of symbols in the sequence The descent word of...