Do national medicinal drug policies and essential drug programs improve drug use?: a review of experiences in developing countries

... health units of Uganda: Eﬀect of national standard treatment guideline on rational drug use DANIDA/ Uganda Essential Drugs Management Program Lee, D (1990) Primary Health Care and Essential Drugs ... Bulgaria, Chad, Colombia, Guinea, India (Andra Pradesh only), Mali, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe } participated in a comparative analysis of NDPs project coordinated ... Sri Lanka Vietnam India Nepal (2) Yemen (Democratic) Pakistan Thailand Hong Kong Sri Lanka 14 Gambia Zambia Zimbabwe Chad Guinea Mail Bulgaria Guatemala Colombia 17 26 Supply and cost sharing...

National greenhouse gas emissions baseline scenarios learning from experiences in developing countries

... funding agreements National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline Scenarios: Learning from Experiences in Developing Countries Relevant existing literature Preparing baseline emissions scenarios invariably ... defining factors in baseline scenarios 49 Uncertainty in baseline scenarios 49 Towards elements of ‘good practice’ 49 National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline Scenarios: Learning from ... of international National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline Scenarios: Learning from Experiences in Developing Countries guidance on baseline- setting means that it is left to resource-constrained...

báo cáo khoa học: " The Chinese government’s response to drug use and HIV/AIDS: A review of policies and programs" potx

... delivering harm-reduction and behavioralchange counseling Police often apply military management approaches to treat drug users while they are in incarceration sites The majority of treated drug users ... remains the major cause of HIV infection [17] Despite that the Chinese government has enacted several policies and programs in response to drug users and HIV prevention, the review of these policies ... trafficking, and abuse of drugs The law introduces significant reforms on drug treatment and rehabilitation in accordance with the human-oriented principle According to the new law, drug users are not...

Báo cáo y học: " Helping someone with problem drug use: a delphi consensus study of consumers, carers, and clinicians" pptx

... Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative World Psychiatry 2007, 6:177-185 Fernandez AC, Begley EA, Marlatt GA: Family and peer interventions for adults: past approaches and ... Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Langlands RL: Development of mental health first aid guidelines for suicidal ideation and behaviour: a Delphi study BMC Psychiatry 2008, 8:1-10 Langlands RL, Jorm AF, Kelly ... Victoria, Australia 2Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health and Monash University, Victoria, Australia Authors’ contributions AJ and DL designed the study and wrote the protocol with input...

báo cáo khoa học: " Stigma, social reciprocity and exclusion of HIV/AIDS patients with illicit drug histories: A study of Thai nurses'''' attitudes" pdf

... Tanga EO, Nuwagaba A: Uganda: HIV and AIDS related Discrimination, Stigmatisation and Denial Geneva: UNAIDS; 2001 Ukosalul M: The signifiance of 'face' and politeness in social interaction as ... concept of reciprocity, this paper illustrates the layering between the social stigmatisation and exclusion of PLWHA and illicit drug users within the narratives of a group of Thai nurses The various ... prejudicial attitudes and their actual professional behaviours to PLWHA and to people with a history of associated co-stigmatised behaviours Since the stigmatisation of PLWHA can largely be traced...

Women’s Employment and Its Relation to Children’s Health and Schooling in Developing Countries: Conceptual Links, Empirical Evidence, and Policies pptx

... how global trends toward urbanization and international economic integration are affecting women’s work in developing countries and its relation to children’s health and schooling The section also ... complex relationships of women’s work to children’s health and schooling. 2 Before reviewing existing empirical work I outline, in the next section, the conceptual frameworks delineating the pathways ... trends in developing economies and in the global economy that are affecting women’s work and its relation to children’s welfare, as well as affecting the ability of governments to intervene to ease...

Alternative Pollution Control Policies in Developing Countries: Informal, Informational, and Voluntary docx

... Email: tanzania@efdinitiative.org Alternative Pollution Control Policies in Developing Countries: Informal, Informational, and Voluntary Allen Blackman Abstract In developing countries, weak ... Blackman Alternative Pollution Control Policies in Developing Countries: Informal, Informational, and Voluntary Allen Blackman ∗ Introduction After decades of rapid urbanization, population growth, and ... industry-specific standards, established rules for handling and storing benzene, and set up monitoring procedures According to Freitas and Gereluk, notwithstanding some shortcomings, investment in benzene...

báo cáo sinh học:" Are doctors and nurses associated with coverage of essential health services in developing countries? A cross-sectional study" ppt

... Bivariate associations Model set (doctors and nurses) Land area (km2) Population in rural area (%) Adjusted R2 Model set (aggregate health workers) Land area (km2) Population in rural area (%) Adjusted ... between doctors and vaccine coverage We did not find any associations between doctors and nurses and coverage of the other essential health services: antenatal care, TB diagnosis and care for ARI ... Overall, land area and the fraction of the population that was rural behaved as expected; they were negatively associated with ANC, SBA and caesarean section Our analysis had several important...

báo cáo hóa học: " A review of methods used in assessing nonserious adverse drug events in observational studies among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients" docx

... specific adverse events [22 ] A patient diary was used in two studies [23 ,24 ] Administrative databases were used in studies, and in studies, the data collection method was not fully specified Page of ... Headache Pain 20 09, 10 :23 5 -23 9 69 Aagaard L, Nielsen LH, Hansen EH: Consumer reporting of adverse drug reactions: a retrospective analysis of the Danish adverse drug reaction database from 20 04 ... diabetes mellitus: postmarketing surveillance study in Japan Diabetes Res Clin Pract 20 07, 76 :22 9 -23 5 87 Mertes G: Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of Type diabetes: data from a...

Báo cáo y học: "QT interval prolongation related to psychoactive drug treatment: a comparison of monotherapy versus polytherapy" pdf

... 58:32-45 Hatta K, Takahashi T, Nakamura H, Yamashiro H, Yonezawa Y: Prolonged QT interval in acute psychotic patients Psychiatry Res 2000, 94:279-85 Additional material Additional File Additional file ... and the end of electrical ventricular activity Prolongation of this interval is considered a marker of the arrhythmogenic potential of a drug specifically linked to an increased risk of torsade ... (bars indicate standard deviations) values at baseFigure groups chotic therapy, in four days at full dosage (T1) of antipsyMean QTc (bars indicate standard deviations) values at baseline (T0) and...

báo cáo khoa học: " A review of HIV prevention among young injecting drug users: A guide for researchers" pot

... literature of HIV prevention programs for young injecting drug users (IDUs) in an attempt to establish whether this call for standardisation has been heeded by researchers and program managers alike ... biological and behavioural surveillance data on HIV/ AIDS associated with IDU is critical to informing and guiding appropriate prevention responses The aim of this paper is to review recent literature ... behavioural outcomes and did not contain biological data Biological data (HIV seroincidence for example, conducted by [12]) are an objective way of determining the effects of a prevention program...

báo cáo khoa học: " A review of the evidence for the effectiveness of primary prevention interventions for Hepatitis C among injecting drug users" potx

... exchange", according to the theme "opiate replacement therapy", according to the intervention of "bleach disinfectant", and according to "expanded harm reduction" (where the harm reduction interventions ... (1872 to April week 2003), CINAHL (1982 to March week 2003) and the Cochrane Library (Evidence Based Health) using search terms related to "drugs" "drug use" and "hepatitis C" Additionally, the index ... not appropriate to conduct a meta-analysis Rather the results are reported in the form of a narrative systematic review Such a narrative format has been described as appropriate in reporting the...

A review of lean six sigma and malcolm baldrige national quality award and a proposal for the future

... Integration of Lean Tools in the DMAIC Framework Table 4.1 Comparing Lean Six Sigma and Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award on a Conceptual Basis 17 Table 4.2 Comparing Lean Six Sigma and Malcolm ... Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award on an Execution Basis 18 Table 4.3 Comparing Lean Six Sigma and Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award on an Impact Basis 19 Table 5.1.1 Quality Criteria Affecting ... A REVIEW OF LEAN SIX SIGMA AND MALCOLM BALDRIGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD AND A PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE PNG CHANG LIANG (B.Eng.(Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING...

Báo cáo y học: "A review of anatomical and mechanical factors affecting vertebral body integrit

... dense anteriorly and superiorly and more dense posteriorly and inferiorly with heterogeneity between symmetric sites within the vertebral body [2, 3, 25, 56, 67, 78] The lower density and therefore ... of peak cortical bone mass and 40-50% of trabecular mass by 90 years of age [58] This results in a decline in the loadbearing capacity of the vertebral body For example, load bearing capacity ... anterior and posterior zones of the vertebral body and neural arch [75-78] These findings suggest that disc integrity can affect vertebral loading and potentially contribute to fracture risk by modulating...

A study of understatements in editorials in english and vietnamese newspapers

... understatements in editorials in English and Vietnamese newspapers 4 1.2.2 Objectives • Identifying understatements in editorials in English and Vietnamese newspapers • Analyzing the syntactic, pragmatic and ... features of understatement in editorials in English and Vietnamese newspapers? What are the differences and similarities of understatements used in editorials in English and Vietnamese newspapers? ... Study of Understatements in Editorials in English and Vietnamese Newspapers will help learners of English identify understatements used in editorials in English and Vietnamese newspapers and get...

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