COMMUTER EXPOSURE TO AEROSOL POLLUTION ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SINGAPORE 1

... 2 .1 Estimating exposure 10 2 .1. 1 2.2 Literature Review 10 Measuring exposure to particle pollution 11 Particle pollution in the transport microenvironment 16 2.2 .1 ... 74 .1 30 19 30 May 26.8 85.8 36 25 03 June 28 .1 85.0 25 17 10 June 28.9 76.7 26 17 11 June 29.3 72.9 21 12 12 June 29.8 61. 7 28 18 14 June 29.9 71. 4 59 40 17 June 29.2 71. 4 72 68 18 June 30.4 61. 7 ... concentrations 11 5 5.2 .1 Bus-stops and Taxi-stands 11 8 5.2.2 In- vehicle concentrations 11 9 5.3 Dosage 12 2 Chapter Conclusion 12 6 6 .1 Summary of key findings ...

COMMUTER EXPOSURE TO AEROSOL POLLUTION ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SINGAPORE 2

... In- vehicle Bus Indoor 25 (7) 25 (7) 26 (7) 27 775 (14079) Mall 28 (9) 28 (9) 33 ( 12) 24 2 72 (1 022 7) 40 ( 12) 40 ( 12) 50 (14) 21 4 62 (65 92) Bus-stop 35 (7) 35 (7) 43 ( 12) 51436 (13639) Sidewalk 32 ... In- vehicle Train Indoor 34 (3) 34 (3) 37 (4) 12, 789 (2, 577) Mall 27 (5) 27 (5) 32 (6) 20 ,835 (5 ,22 2) Platform 26 (4) 27 (4) 31 (5) 9,570 (1,930) 21 (4) 22 (4) 24 (4) 13,833 (2, 6 72) 28 (7) 28 (7) 30 ... PM2.5 (top) and PN (middle) concentrations, and PM2.5/PM10 ratio (bottom) during the Walk mode trip on 20 May 20 13 1 02 Figure 4 -24 : Spatial variation in PM2.5 (top) and PN (bottom) concentrations...

Effects of short term exposure to air pollution on hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infections in ho chi minh city

... to the best of our knowledge, the first ever study of the health effects of air pollution in Ho Chi Minh City In addition, it focuses on a much-understudied children s health outcome, acute lower ... unit of observation is daily counts of hospital admissions for acute lower respiratory infection We used Poisson regression with smoothing functions for meteorologicalvariables, and variables for ... Discussion Preliminary results suggest that increased concentrations of air pollutants, PM10, Ozone, NO2 and SO2, are associated with increased hospital admissions for ALRI in young children of HCMC,...

Tài liệu Personal Exposure to Air Pollution for Various Modes of Transport in Auckland, New Zealand doc

... uptake for each of the modes and each of the routes a) Route b) Route c) Route The darker boxes indicate the active transport modes Personal Exposure to Air Pollution for Various Modes of Transport ... Personal Exposure to Air Pollution for Various Modes of Transport The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2012, Volume Exercise Factors and Dose For those travelling by car, bus or train, a resting minute ... concentrations for each of the modes and each of the routes a) Route b) Route 2, c) Route Note that ppm values have been set to 0.1 ppm to allow plotting as a log Personal Exposure to Air Pollution for Various...

EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION: A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN docx

... and fetuses are particularly susceptible.6  Exposure to biological contaminants of indoor air that are related to dampness and mould increases the risk of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, ... diseases attributable to selected major risks Geneva, World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf) WHO (2008) Air quality and health ... hospital treatment, and increased risk of death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases or lung cancer Particulate matter is estimated to cause about 8% of deaths from lung cancer, 5% of deaths...

Tài liệu Quantification of the Health Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution: Report of a WHO Working Group pdf

... of a Working Group convened by WHO to examine several of these aspects as they apply specifically to air pollution health impact assessments The quality of estimates of health impacts of air pollution ... magnitude of the effect of air pollution on daily morbidity and mortality varies among locations, and that factors such as the nature and level of air pollution, as well as the health status of the ... costing the health impacts of ambient particulate air pollution in the UK Edinburgh, December 2000 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AD-HOC GROUP ON THE ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION:...

báo cáo hóa học: " A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company" potx

... Laboratory, National school of Engineers, Sfax University, Sfax - Tunisia 2University laboratory of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Hazards, EA 2690 Poisons and occupational carcinogens and ... Authors’ contributions IG was involved in the conception and design of the project, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript writing, and final approval of manuscript MK was involved ... involved in the conception and design of the project, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript writing, and final approval of manuscript CN was involved in the conception and...

Summary of doctoral thesis: Research on management model of public transport in Viet Nam cities

... MANAGEMENT MODEL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN VIETNAM CITIES 2.1 Current situation of public transport in Vietnam cities 2.1.1 Current situation of public transport in Hanoi Capital In Hanoi, the public transport ... evaluation in management model of public transport in Vietnam cities; - Chapter III: Proposal of state management model for public transport in Vietnam cities Chapter 1: FOUNDATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT ... Division of land use planning Division of public transport planning Division of ticket control Division of general coordination Division of service supply mgmt Division of supervision Division of infrastructure...

Báo cáo y học: " Augmentation of arginase 1 expression by exposure to air pollution exacerbates the airways " ppt

... Augmentation of arginase expression by exposure to air pollution exacerbates the airways hyperresponsiveness in murine models of asthma Respiratory Research 2 011 12 :19 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed ... Pathology Core North et al Respiratory Research 2 011 , 12 :19 http://respiratory-research.com/content /12 /1/ 19 Facility, as previously described [16 ] Goat anti -arginase primary (sc -18 3 51) and donkey anti-goat ... arginase expression in the CAP+O3-exposed mice was North et al Respiratory Research 2 011 , 12 :19 http://respiratory-research.com/content /12 /1/ 19 Page of 14 Figure Pulmonary arginase activity and arginase...

Effects of exposure to environmental mycobacteria on immunity conferred by bacille calmette guerin (BCG) vaccine

... induction of regulatory T cells by M chelonae sensitisation 60 5.5 Role of IFN-γ in cytotoxic responses 62 5.6 Effects of Env sensitisation on BCG-induced immunity 63 5.7 Conclusion ... that the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette- Guérin (BCG), as a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine in human populations, is influenced by prior sensitisation to environmental mycobacteria (Env) ... direct inoculation, but are common pathogens to people with immunocompromising conditions (Primm, 2004) 1.8 Effect of environmental mycobacteria (Env) exposure on subsequent BCG vaccination Recent...

Nonparametric modeling of the effects of air pollution on public health

... NONPARAMETRIC MODELING OF THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON PUBLIC HEALTH PENG QIAO (B.Sc Peking University, China) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS ... hence they can be improved to better fit the air pollution data These results represent a starting point for refinement in the future analysis of the effects of air pollution on public health ... evidence of negative impacts of air pollution on public health has been accumulated, quantification of these impacts has increasingly become a critical concern This 1.2 Quantification of Health Effects...

IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON CROP GROWTH IN TAIWAN ppt

...

Báo cáo y học: " Importance of cumulative exposure to elevated cholesterol and blood pressure in development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective proof-of-concept cohort study" pdf

... Importance of cumulative exposure to elevated cholesterol and blood pressure in development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective proof -of- concept ... erythematosus, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, risk factors Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a dramatically increased risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease ... were a total of 94 coronary events (75 angina, 25 MI and sudden cardiac deaths; had both angina and MI) in the BP dataset, while the TC dataset contained 86 coronary events (71 angina, 20 MI and...

Three essays on public policies in rd growth models

... the two main sources of economic growth There is a huge literature on the connections between education or innovation on the one hand and economic growth on the other Many studies focus on endogenous ... from equations (54) and (55) that an increase in the tax on consumption (τc ) or labor income (τh ) will reduce the share of consumption in ﬁnal output An increase in the tax on labor income (τh ... accumulation In particular, we assume that in addition to the time input, human capital accumulation also requires physical inputs in order to consider the subsidy to physical investment in education In...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Extensive purifying selection acting on synonymous sites in HIV-1 Group M sequences" ppt

... impact of conservation acting on synonymous substitutions on inference of positive selection We inferred positive selection using model M2 a of Yang and colleagues [34], taking recombination into ... Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID M7 -Luc cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing mM L-glutamine, 25 mM HEPES, 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 50 ug/ml gentamicin (Sigma), ... consistent with a substantial proportion of the positive selection signals resulting from conservation of the synonymous sites rather than diversifying selection acting on the nonsynonymous sites...

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