... settling in a clarifier is one of the most critical operations in the activated sludge process Bioflocculation of activated sludge determines how the sludge will dewater, flow, and settle, all of ... aluminium ions also seem to assist in floc binding and the flocculation of other organic material The cation contribute significantly to the binding of the sludge flocs in both synthetic and activated ... Hankins, N Hilal, A comparative study of the flocculation behaviour and final properties of synthetic and activated sludge in wastewater treatment, Desalination 277-295, 204(2007) [11] M.J Higgins,...