Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 1 pot
The Global Positioning System doc
... result of the changes in the suns radiation and the Earths magneticfield. For example, the F1 layer disappears during the night and is morepronounced in the summer than in the winter [14]. The ... and the navigation mes-sage). However, after the AS activation, the P-code was encrypted toY-code. This means that the receiver cannot output either the P-code or the L2 carrier using the traditional ... on the fact that the resolution of the C/A-code, 300m, is 10 timeslower than the P-code. Surprisingly, due to the improvements in the receiver technology, the obtained accuracy was almost the...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 1 pdf
... ABBREVIATIONS xxxv 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 .1 Background Information, 2 1. 1 .1 What Is HPLC?, 2 1. 1.2 What Can HPLC Do?, 4 1. 2 A Short History of HPLC, 6 1. 3 Some Alternatives to HPLC, 8 1. 3 .1 Gas Chromatography ... Special Forms of HPLC, 12 1. 4 Other Sources of HPLC Information, 12 1. 4 .1 Books, 12 1. 4.2 Journals, 13 1. 4.3 Reviews, 13 1. 4.4 Short Courses, 13 1. 4.5 The Internet, 13 References, 15 2 BASIC CONCEPTS ... Reciprocating-Piston Pumps, 10 43.5 .1. 1 Dual-Piston Pumps, 10 83.5 .1. 2 Accumulator-Piston Pumps, 10 83.5 .1. 3 Active Check Valve, 10 93.5.2 On-line Mixing, 10 93.5.2 .1 High-Pressure Mixing, 10 93.5.2.2...
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Introduction to IP and ATM Design Performance - Part 1 potx
... 10 8End -to- end delay 11 08 Cell-Scale Queueing 11 3Cell-scale Queueing 11 3Multiplexing Constant-bit-rate Traffic 11 4Analysis of an Infinite Queue with Multiplexed CBR Input: TheNÐD/D /1 115 Heavy-traffic Approximation ... M/D /1 Queue 11 7Heavy-traffic Approximation for the NÐD/D /1 Queue 11 9Cell-scale Queueing in Switches 12 19 Burst-Scale Queueing 12 5 ATM Queueing Behaviour 12 5Burst-scale Queueing Behaviour 12 7 ... Switching and ATM 7Connection-orientated Service 8Connectionless Service and IP 9Buffering in ATM switches and IP routers 11 Buffer Management 11 Traffic Control 13 2 Traffic Issues and Solutions 15 Delay...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 1 pot
... ClockII-2 13 2 B-3 Cs II- 21 39 9 A -1 CsII-4 19 19 A-5 Cs II-22 35 5 B-4 CsII-5 17 17 D-3 Cs II-23 34 4 D-4 RbII-8 21 21 E-2 Cs II-24 36 6 C -1 CsII-9 15 15 D-5 Cs II-25 33 3 C-2 CsII -1 0 23 23 E-5 ... II-26 40 10 E-3 CsII -1 1 24 24 D -1 Cs II-27 30 30 B-2 CsII -1 2 25 25 A-2 Cs II-28 38 8 A-3 RbII -1 4 26 26 F-2 Rb IIR-2 43 13 F-3 RbII -1 5 27 27 A-4 Cs IIR-3 46 11 D-2 RbII -1 6 32 1 F-4 Cs IIR-4 ... IIR-4 51 20 E -1 RbII -1 7 29 29 F-5 Rb IIR-5 44 28 B-5 RbII -1 8 22 22 B -1 Rb IIR-6 41 14 F -1 RbII -1 9 31 31 C-3 Cs IIR-7 54 18 E-4 RbII-20 37 7 C-4 Rb Chapter 1 of the book introduces the GPS system...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 2 docx
... that the P-code is a stream of about 2. 35 ì 1014chips! The 26 6-day-long code is divided into 38 segments; eachis 1 week long. Of these, 32 segments are assigned to the various GPS satel-lites. ... to GPS the Y-code, which has the same chipping rate as the P-code. This encryp-tion is known as the antispoofing (AS). The GPS navigation message is a data stream added to both the L1 and the ... its unique 1-week segment of the P-code. For example, a GPS satellite with an ID of PRN 20 refers to a GPS satellite that is assigned the twentieth-week segment of the PRN P-code. The P-code is...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 3 pot
... circles.Figure 3. 8 shows the sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001, which was42 Introduction to GPS N0 33 0 30 0W270240210180S15012090 E60 30 Figure 3. 8 GPS sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001. ... precision of the GPS positioning at the one-sigma (1-s) level. To obtain the precision at the 2-s level, sometimes referred to as approxi-mately 95% of the time, we multiply the results by a factor of ... much-improved autonomous GPS accuracy [2].With the SA turned off, the nominal autonomous GPS horizontal and ver-tical accuracies would be in the order of 22m and 33 m (95% of the time), 30 Introduction...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 4 pptx
... clearfrom the definition of the x and z axes that the xz-plane contains the mean Greenwich meridian. The y-axis is selected to make the coordinate system right-handed (i.e., 90° east of the x-axis, ... meridianFigure 4. 8 UTM projection.1180 W°176 W°168 W°162 W°23EquatorFigure 4. 9 UTM zoning. 4. 2.2 The WGS 84 and NAD 83 systems The World Geodetic System of 19 84 (WGS 84) is a 3-D, Earth-centered ... 4. 2 3-D coordinate system. 4. 3 What coordinates are obtained with GPS? The satellite coordinates as given in the broadcast ephemeris will refer to the WGS 84 reference system. Therefore, a GPS...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 5 ppt
... latter. 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveyingStop-and-go surveying is another carrier-phase-based relative positioning technique. It also employs two or more GPS receivers simultaneouslytracking the same ... solution,76 Introduction to GPS Base(fixed)Rover(moving)Figure 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying. The expected accuracy from a geodetic quality receiver is typically 5 mm +1 ppm (rms), ppm for parts ... isexpected to be higher with the stop-and-go surveying, as the errors areaveraged out when the receiver stops at the unknown points. 5. 6 RTK GPS RTK surveying is a carrier phasebased relative positioning...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 6 pdf
... Tiberius, A New Way to Fix Carrier-Phase Ambiguities, GPS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1995,pp. 58 61 .[5] DeLoach, S. R., D. Wells, and D. Dodd, Why On -the- Fly? GPS World,Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1995, ... are the real-valued numbers along withtheir uncertainty parameters (so-called covariance matrix) only. Thesereal-valued numbers are in fact difficult to separate from the baseline solu-tion ... resolution. Resolving the ambiguity parameters cor-rectly is equivalent to having very precise ranges to the satellites, whichleads to high-accuracy positioning [1]. The ambiguity parameters...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 7 pot
... broadcasting the real-time DGPS cor-rections of their WADGPS system [6]. The system is based on using the already existing FM radio broadcasts to deliver the DGPS corrections to local users (Figure 7. 4). ... in the L-band. To accesseither service, a subscriber needs the system data receiver to receive anddecode the DGPS corrections. The data receiver must be interfaced to adifferential-ready GPS ... known as the wide-areadifferential GPS (WADGPS). Both systems require a special receiver to decode the DGPS correction information, which would be interfaced to the GPS rover receiver to output...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 8 ppt
... -8 941.716559 19453 .85 6 287 -1 5733 .87 0061 1.569531P 13 70 38. 374572 23279.495964 1 080 6 .82 1255 -0 .82 2725P 14 -1 4521.250452 -7 1 58. 053525 -2 0 986 .923406 -9 7 .89 186 4P 18 -1 9 581 .5 389 63 -1 7313 .82 57 18 ... 139 68. 983 112 183 15.041573 15.9 988 05P 4 23740.479526 -3 537 .87 486 6 -1 1560.053546 700.699352P 5 -3 512 .82 7227 -1 7951.46 187 1 -1 9334.4 082 01 292.906571P 6 -5 935.494799 -2 4254.527474 88 89.371 588 -0 .341952P ... 405.224 785 P 27 11045. 683 417 11 584 .03 489 1 21496 .85 6169 15.920673P 28 -9 386 .791992 12141.51 680 7 21 783 .012543 13.11 988 1P 29 -1 49 38. 5720 48 -3 401.344352 -2 1449 .87 3237 495.675550P 30 -1 3949. 689 805 -1 87 38. 175431...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 9 pdf
... September 19 22, 2000,pp. 22522262.[11] Driscoll, C., Wireless Caller Location Systems, GPS World,Vol .9, No.10, October 199 8, pp. 44 49. GPS Integration 127 9 GPS Integration GPS has found ... treesContoursFHRoadsFigure 9. 1 GPS/ GIS integration.Figure 9. 2 GPS/ LRF integration. provided that the real-time DGPS corrections can be received. Once the processing is done, the user can export the output to the ... each other. While GPS provides the initialization and the calibration to the inertial system, the latter bridges the GPS gaps when the satellite signal is blocked or temporarily lost. GPS/ INS...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 10 pdf
... of the integrated system is a GPS- basedreal-time fleet-monitoring system. Low-cost standalone GPS receivers maybe used, as only low-accuracy positioning information is needed. To avoid GPS ... the integrated GPS/ inertial system. The latter system, LIDAR, uses an airborne laser scan-ner to measure the altitude of the points above the ground level [16]. Com-bining the GPS/ inertial-based ... beobtained with the help of conventional systems. As such, the performanceof the integrated system is indeed better than either positioning system alone.146 Introduction to GPS 10. 2 GPS for forestry...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 11 ppt
... receivers use the frequency channelrather than the code to distinguish the satellites. The chipping rates for the P-code and the C/A-code are 5 .11 and 0. 511 Mbps, respectively. The GLONASS navigation ... problems with GPS/ GLONASSintegration. The first one is that both GPS and GLONASS systems use dif-ferent coordinate frames to express the position of their satellites. GPS uses the WGS 84 system, ... MagellanCorporation.) 11 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 11. 1 GLONASS satellite system GLONASS is an all-weather global navigation satellite system developed byRussia. The GLONASS satellite system has...
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Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Appendix doc
... Team-Flyđ Appendix A GPS Accuracy and Precision Measures The term accuracy is used to express the degree of closeness of a measure-ment, or the obtained solution, to the true value. The ... equivalent to 100m(2drms) for a ratio of 2.5. The spherical error probable (SEP) is used to express the accuracy of the 3-D case. SEP means that there is a 50% chance that the true 3-D posi-tion ... Geodetic System of 1984(WGS 84), 52, 53, 54Zero baseline test, 35Z-tracking, 18176 Introduction to GPS Index3-D coordinate system, 4950Accuracydefined, 161DGPS, 7980measures, 16162 positioning, ...
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