Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: The evaluation of complex interventions in critical care" ppsx
Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: The evaluation of complex interventions in critical care" ppsx
... Consequently,there is an emerging body of literature advocating the use of integrated complex interventions to optimise the treatment of critically ill patients. Examples of these complex interventions include ... [7]. Complex interventions are defined as interventions ortherapies that may act both independently and inter-dependently [8], often more than just the sum of theircomponents. Complex interventions ... aspects of study design impact upon the evaluation of complex interventions in critical care. Clinicians should alsoconsider these specific issues when implementing new complex interventions into their...
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Báo cáo y học: " Science review: Key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness – the central role of the Toll-like receptors" ppsx
... occur in the setting of infection, and it is possible that the primary geneticlesions in autoimmunity involve components of the samesystem that induces cytokine production in the course of aninfection. ... observed in septic shock. In part, they do so bytriggering the release of many secondary cytokines, includ-ing IL-6, and numerous chemokines, which may further con-tribute to the septic syndrome.It ... within the past4 years in our understanding of how cytokine storm is elicitedduring severe infection offer a good deal of promise. Althoughsuccess in treating sepsis with individual cytokine inhibitorshas...
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The management of hypertensive crises" ppsx
... pressure may result in further infarction involving the entire territory of that artery. The current recommendation of the American Heart Association is that hypertension in the setting of acute ... [29,43–45]. In addition toactivation of the renin–angiotensin system, vasopressin,endothelin, and catecholamines are postulated to playimportant roles in the pathophysiology of hypertensiveemergencies ... [19]. The incidence of hypertensionincreases with age. In the Framingham heart study [20] the incidence of hypertension increased in men from 3.3% at age30–39 years to 6.2% at age 70–79 years....
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The meaning of acid–base abnormalities in the intensive care unit – effects of fluid administration" potx
... combination. The singleexception is the addition of weak base (e.g. tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane) [6], which is normally absent from body fluids.ReviewClinical review: The meaning of acid–base ... by its pH. Some even advocate ‘pH-balanced’fluids, particularly when priming cardiopulmonary bypasspumps [1]. This is not to deny the merit of avoiding very highor very low pH in fluids intended ... Study Investigators: A comparison of albumin andsaline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl JMed 2004, 350:2247-2256.64. Liskaser F, Story DA: The acid–base physiology of...
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The role of the intensive care physician in mass casualty incidents: planning, organisation, and leadership" pot
... casualties. The difficulty in planning was the uncertainty of when the flow of seriously injured casualties would stop. It was noted in the Madrid bombings of 2004 that the hospitals closest to the incidents ... Capacity (including staffing)How do we ensure that security (including checking of staff identity) is maintained?Who is the lead intensivist and who is the senior nurse? Are their roles clearly ... capacity during normal daily hospitaloperations. The ability to successfully and safely expand andmaintain surge capacity will depend on the following:1. Type of disaster2. Number of critically...
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The impact of noise on patients’ sleep and the effectiveness of noise reduction strategies in intensive care units" ppsx
... of the incubator. The noise was reduced by 3.3 dBA inside the incubator. In a study by Blomkvist and colleagues [48], after the replacement of the ceiling tiles the noise level wasreduced by ... [53] to test the effect of night and day on infants in a newborn nursery. Besides turning off the radio, lights andcovering the windows with thick and dark curtains, the behaviour of the staff ... full in the Englishlanguage. Of the 167 papers found by the search strategy, 23 finallymet the inclusion criteria. A number of methods have beenapplied in those studies, including polysomnography,...
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia" potx
... appropriate ther-apy, and use of the procedure will probably become the standard of care in the next few years.Indicators of prognosisCAP is the leading cause of death from infection in west-ern ... surprisingly poor predictors for the diagno-sis of CAP. e added value of the PCT biomarker as a clinical decision-making tool is evidenced in the present study and many other studies involving ... study, each point increment in the International Society of rombosis and Hemostasis DIC score increased the odds ratio for 28-day mortality by 1.25. e pattern of coagulation activation may...
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Báo cáo y học: "RANKL increases the level of Mcl-1 in osteoclasts and reduces bisphosphonate-induced osteoclast apoptosis in vitro" pps
... ALN in vitro. This protective effect of RANKL is likelyto be mediated at least in part by an increase in the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. The ability of RANKL, togetherwith other ... alter the level of Bcl-2 in rabbit osteoclasts butcaused a marked increase in the level of Mcl-1, an anti-apop-totic member of the Bcl-2 family that is expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage ... survival.Mcl-1 inhibits activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apop-tosis by interacting with pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteinssuch as Bak and Bim, thereby preventing the increased mito-chondrial...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Clinical review: The Israeli experience: conventional terrorism and critical care" docx
... [32]. The presence of penetrating torso injury or injury to four or more body regionsserves as an independent predictor of intra-abdominal injury. The mechanism of tertiary blast injury is similar ... bluntabdominal trauma, which mostly affects the solid organs. The probability of being injured as a result of each of thesemechanisms is determined by the distance of the casualtyfrom the epicenter of ... of the explosion and whether it was in aconfined or an open space. The presence of penetratingshrapnel injury signifies the proximity of the casualty to the epicenter of the explosion. The finding...
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Báo cáo y học: " Microarray-based genomic surveying of gene polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis" ppsx
... nothighly ranked in any of the other strains, the results indicatedthat the trp operon was present in the remainder of the strains. The CT868 gene region of strain L1/440 was interest-ing because of ... classified as being variablewithin all strains of a biological niche; interestingly, the majority of these genes code for hypothetical proteins of unknown function. With such globally low differencesbetween ... evolution: a billion years andcounting. In Chlamydial Infections, Proceedings of the Tenth InternationalSymposium on Human Chlamydial Infections:16-21 June 2002. Antalya,Turkey Edited by: Schacter...
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