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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 8 pps

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 8 pps

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 8 pps

... F., and Kassem, M. (2001) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates the pro-duction of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-2, -3 and -4 in human bone marrow stromal cells. Eur. J. Endo-crinol. ... increases secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) by human osteo-blast-like cells in vitro and elevates IGFBP-4 serum levels in vivo. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77, 1190–1197.173. ... 1,2 5-( OH)2D3.1,2 5-( OH)2D3inhibited PGE2-induced cAMP and inositol trisphosphate accumulation (254) and cal-cium influx (255), PGF2_-induced PGE2 synthesis (256), and PGF2_ or PGE1 - induced interleukin-6synthesis...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 1 docx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 1 docx

... homology: classical cadherins type I (e.g., E-, N-, P-, R-cadherin), classical cadherinstype II (cadherin-6 to -1 2), cadherins found in desmosomes (desmocollins, desmogleins), cadherinswith a very short ... U., and Gumbiner, B. (19 98) Nuclear localization signal—independent and importin/karyopherin-—independent nuclear import of beta-catenin. Curr. Biol. 8, 181 –190.100. Korinek, V., Barker, N., and ... expressing the wild-type N-cadherin at a moderate level (two-fold) increased chondrogenesis, whereas cells expressing a fourfold increase in N-cadherin or the dom-inant-negative construct had an initial,...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 2 potx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 2 potx

... chondrocytes (9). Finally, BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 are expressed in the precartilaginous mesenchyme ( 28) and were shown to enhance chondro-genesis in vitro (29) and in vivo in chick limb buds ... TGF-`-regulated genes contain eitherAP-1 sites, such as the PAI-1 (55), TIMP-1 (56), TGF-`ß1 (57), c-Jun ( 58) , and _2(I) collagen (59)or CREB/ATF binding sites, such as fibronectin (60), cyclinD1 ... physical and biochemical changes, including a 5- to 10-fold increase in volume and expression of alkaline phos-phatase, type X collagen, and MMP-13 (1,2). Type X collagen is a short-chain collagen...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 3 pdf

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 3 pdf

... prolyl 4-hydroxylase, prolyl 3-hydroxylase, and lysyl hydrox-ylase, catalyze the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine residues in -X-Pro-Gly, -Pro-4Hyp-Gly-, and -X-Lys-Gly- ... chains, called _ chains, and contain at least one unique triple-helical domain withrepeating -Gly-X-Y- sequences in each of the constituent chains. The presence of glycine, the small-est amino ... eviscerated animals were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde, 0.2% glutalaldehyde in phos-phate buffer (pH 7.3) for 45 min, and stained overnight with X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3indoyl `-D-galactosidase). Specimens...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 4 ppt

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 4 ppt

... with Xwnt -8 , showing a direct interaction between Frzb and Wnts (84 ), and Frzb blocks the axis-inducing activity of Xwnt -8 and mouse Wnt-1 when coinjected on the ven-tral side of cleaving embryos, ... can bind to Xwnt-3a, Xwnt-5, and Xwnt -8 in vitro but only interacts with Xwnt -8 in the embryo (89 ). Similar results have been obtainedfor Frzb2 and Sizzled 2 (90), making the in vivo requirement ... pseudoreceptor by intercalating in the TGF-` complex and disrupting receptor signaling, thus func-tioning as a naturally occurring dominant mutant of BMP signaling.Tkv In the developing wing disk of...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 5 docx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 5 docx

... the BMP-2-induced increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspaseactivity, and apoptosis. In contrast, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, thep 38 MAPK inhibitor SB203 580 , and the ... to identify BMP-induced genes. Osx is a novel zinc finger-containing transcrip-tion factor that is specifically expressed in developing bones. Osx contains a proline- and serine-richtranscription ... cytochrome c into the cytosol. Subsequently, BMP-2 increased caspase-9 and caspase-3, -6 , and -7 activity. Inhibition of caspase-9 activity suppressed BMP-2-induced apoptosis. However, over-expression...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 6 docx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 6 docx

... osteogenesis in preclinical and clinical contexts (1,11–16). Naturally-derivedBMPs/OPs and recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1), also known as BMP-7, induce osteo-genesis in nonhuman and human ... depending on the experimental design, can (1) main-tain the integrity of the anlagen and the inherent cell and tissue interactions involved in its normal development, (2) allow for analysis of interactions ... 3544–3549.102. Kurihara, N. and Roodman, G. D. (1990) Interferons-_ and -a inhibit interleukin-1`-stimulated osteoclast-like cellformation in long-term human marrow cultures. J. Interferon Res. 10,...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 7 docx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 7 docx

... changes in bone modeling and remodeling in response to loading and unloading are initiated byan internal mechanostat that is able to sense strain. In this view, changes in bone remodeling occur in response ... 13365–13371. 80 . Klein-Nulend, J., Burger, E. H., Semeins, C. M., Raisz, L. G., and Pilbeam, C. C. (1997) Pulsating fluid flow stimu-lates prostaglandin release and inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase ... strain (61). Finally, mechanical stim-ulation in osteoblasts alters focal contacts and cytoskeleton and induces tyrosine phosphorylation ofseveral proteins linked to the cytoskeleton, including...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 9 potx

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 9 potx

... Standard developmental toxicity bioassays in rodents include a detailed examination of thenear-term fetal skeleton in single-stained (alizarin red for ossified bone) or double-stained (alizarinred ... dpc by using molecular markers. Aretinoic acid-responsive transcription factor, Ap-2, (42) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-1Fig. 5. Analysis of the endogenous levels of retinoic acid ... within homozygous (Sp2H/Sp2H) mutant embryos. At11.0 dpc, retinoic acid-mediated `-gal staining is prominent along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord, and within the eyes and...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 10 doc

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 10 doc

... role, 187 , 188 mitogen-activated protein kinaseregulation of signaling, 188 , 189 osterix induction, 189 retinoblastoma protein regulationof signaling, 188 signal transduction, 186 , 187 osteoclast ... factorregulation,interferon-a, 203, 204interleukin-1, 202interleukin-4, 202interleukin-6, 202, 203interleukin-11, 203macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor, 200, 201osteoprotegerin, 201RANKL, 200transforming ... 70differentiation and bone morphogeneticproteins,Cbfa1 role, 187 , 188 mitogen-activated protein kinaseregulation of signaling, 188 , 189 osterix induction, 189 retinoblastoma protein regulationof signaling,...
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