The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 2 docx
The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 2 docx
... computerized oil spill models sothat the impact of an oil spill on the environment can be projected.Other types of studies that might be included in the sensitivity map are: area-specific response ... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response toan oil spill. This ... escalate as the incident becomes more serious. As the seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the firstpriorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 3 pps
... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organismsin the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... versa. In the UnitedStates, the price of a specific oil may be based on its API gravity, as well as otherproperties of the oil. Solubility in water is the measure of how much of an oil will ... low tem-peratures. In terms of oil spill cleanup, viscosity can affect the oil s behaviour.Viscous oils do not spread rapidly, do not penetrate soil as readily, and affect the ability of pumps...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 4 ppsx
... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes theseforces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... strongly influ-encing how oil is moved in the environment and vice versa. These processes dependvery much on the type of oil spilled and the weather conditions during and after the spill. THE IMPORTANCE ... 3% of Bunker C.• The formation of water-in -oil emulsions is the second most important weatheringprocess because it can drastically change the properties of the oil. For example, aliquid oil...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 6 potx
... portion of the boom above the water, whichprevents oil from washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also usedto refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The ... skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or flotation that helps to contain the oil. It isusually made of the same types of fabric as the freeboard member and the covering of the floats. ... CURRENT OIL DIVERTED TO SHORE AREA ANCHOR 20 00 by CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 6Containment on Water Containment of an oil spill refers to the process of confining the oil, either toprevent...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 7 potx
... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, andmany other factors.**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water ... oil. Removing waterfrom the recovered oil can be as difficult as the initial recovery. Effectiveness dependson a variety of factors including the type of oil spilled, the properties of the oil ... state,and many other factors.**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the less the amount of water and thus the better the skimmers’ performance. 20 00 by CRC...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 8 pps
... ortruck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directlythrough a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipmentat refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or othercontaminants and the cost of pre-treating the oils can far exceed the ... variety of oil andwater ratios, with oil content and flow rate sometimes changing suddenly. Disposal Disposing of the recovered oil and oiled debris is one of the most difficult aspects of an oil...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 9 potx
... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on landcan enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40% of the oil is degraded in time periods ... detected by the rapid clearance of the oil in the dispersant dropzone without the formation of the usual white to coffee-coloured plume in the watercolumn. This is very detrimental and wastes the dispersant. ... cancarry about 20 ,000 L that could treat 400,000 L of oil at a dispersant-to -oil ratio of 1 :20 . At a thickness of 0.5 mm, this oil would cover about 400,000 m 2 or 0.4 km 2 .This treatment...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 10 pdf
... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If thereis any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined based on specificconditions at the time of the spill, ... oxygenation of the oil. Similar analysis of the residue shows that the same minority compounds are presentat about the same levels. The bulk of the residue is unburned oil without some of the volatile...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 11 ppt
... at the time the oil is deposited on the shoreline, such as weather andwaves. These factors include the type and amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the ... and slope, will often dictate the fate of the oil. If large amounts of oil are not retained in the intertidal zone, then the oil will have less impact on the area. The fate of oil on shorelines ... damaged by the cleanup process thanby the oil itself. (Ed Owens) 20 00 by CRC Press LLC Another mechanism that can significantly affect the fate of oil on shorelines is the mixing of the oil with...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 12 potx
... the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect howrapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. Forexample, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... to 2 Dry Grassland 1 to 5 1 to 2 1Forest 2 to 20 2 to 5 1 to 3Wetland 5 to 30 3 to 20 2 to 10Taiga 3 to 20 2 to 10 2 to 8Tundra 3 to 10 2 to 8 1 to 5Water table Oil spill Entry of oil ... poorlydrained soils where water fills the macropores of the soil, but is not absorbed into the soil itself because of the presence of the oil. This excludes air from the soil and the site becomes difficult...
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