... effects of drugs used to treat the disease, such as long-term glucocorti-coids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and TNFα antagonists [3,4]. Other factors may be involved, includ-ing ... 1999 and 2007, patients were identi-fied using the database of each hospital and the keywords:(rheumatoid arthritis or spondylarthropathy) AND (aspergil-loma or fungus ball).Standardized forms ... patients had a history of inadequate disease control with glucocorti-coids and methotrexate. Other DMARDs, including lefluno-mide, were used in two patients, one of whom was still onleflunomide at the...