... and Tai, 199 6, 199 8; Hogan, 199 6; Ouellette, 199 6, 20 03; Paula, 199 6; Robinson et al., 199 6a, 199 6b; Tien, 199 7; Amato, 199 8; Busch-Vishniac, 199 8; Kovacs, 199 8; Knight, 199 9; Epstein, 20 00;O’Connor ... extremely small machines have been developed in recent years(Angell et al., 198 3; Gabriel et al., 198 8, 19 92 ; O’Connor, 19 92 ; Gravesen et al., 199 3; Bryzek et al., 199 4; Gabriel, 199 5; Ashley, 199 6; ... ForschungszentrumRossendorf, Dresden, Germany. In 199 8, Professor Gad- el- Hak was named the Fourteenth ASME FreemanScholar. In 199 9, Gad- el- Hak was awarded the prestigious Alexander von Humboldt Prize...