... 5.5, and 4.3 in rainwa-ter, 6.0, 6.6, 6.2, and 4.3 in throughfall and 7.0, 6.9, 6.1, and 4.7 in sub-throughfall in spring, summer, autumn, and winter,respectively.Ion exchange in canopies and ... pH of rainwater in summer (4.3) and winter (4.3) was very low, being a little bit higher in spring(4.7). As said, rain quantity in spring and summer accountedfor more than 70% of annual rainfall. ... H.L., Exchange of Ca2+,Mg2+ and K+ and the uptake of H+,NH+4for the canopies in the subtropical forest in uenced by the acid rain in Shaoshan forest located in central south China, Plant...