Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 1 ppt
Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 11 doc
... 64, 67, 68, 72, 111 , 129 , 158, 164, 166, 187, 188, 1 92, 198,199, 20 1, 20 4, 20 6, 20 7 20 9, 21 7, 22 5, 23 5, 23 7, 24 2, 24 7, 24 9, 25 0, 25 2, 25 5, 25 9, 27 9, 28 5, 29 7, 313, 326 , 365, 404, 425 –456, 467, ... 173, 184,194–195, 196 20 9, 21 6, 21 8, 22 5, 22 7, 23 1, 23 2, 23 5 23 8, 24 0 24 5, 25 2, 25 4 25 6, 27 4 27 5, 28 0, 28 9, 303,3 12 315, 321 – 322 , 323 , 330, 3 32, 341,351, 366, 376, 379, 3 82, 389, 390, 395,396–397, ... 9, 11, 29 , 30–31, 37, 42, 52, 65,68, 74, 84, 93, 115 , 134, 136, 155,161–165, 168, 184, 22 3, 22 5, 23 2, 23 6 23 8, 24 3 24 5, 24 7, 25 5 25 6, 27 5, 27 7, 29 0, 29 7, 304, 306–308, 3 12 313, 321 , 325 – 326 ,...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 1 ppt
... Practice and Proposed Methodology 2 31 Tom Gangwerix Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems 2 D. PimentelTable 1. 1 Fossil and solar energy use in the U.S. and world (quads = 10 15 BTU) ... Forestry,Syracuse, New York, NY 13 210 , USA, e-mail: chall@esf.eduxix David PimentelEditor Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy SystemsBenefits and Risks 12 3 xvi About our AuthorsEnvironmental ... and Renewable Energy Systems 17 3Mario Giampietro and Kozo Mayumi9 Sugarcane and Ethanol Production and Carbon Dioxide Balances 215 Marcelo Dias De Oliveira 10 Biomass Fuel Cycle Boundaries and...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 2 pps
... petroleum-derived fuels will not lastfor very long. 22 T.W. Patzek 20 00 20 20 20 40 20 60 20 80 21 0 0 21 2 0 21 4 0 21 6 0 21 8 0 22 000 20 406080 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0Petroleum, EJ/Year 27 0 billion gallons of ethanol ... the remaining 21 billion gallons of ethanolcome from each year?Sources: DOE EIA, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) 18 80 19 00 19 20 19 40 19 60 19 80 20 00 20 20 10 1 10 2 10 1 100 10 3Oil production ... we Demand 21 1980 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 2 010 2 015 20 2005 10 15 20 25 3035Billion gallons per yearExponential projectionLogistic projectionRFA data 2 017 − Bush’s GoalFig. 2. 2 By an exponential...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 3 pot
... 2 .3 The 20 03 US NPP by ground cover classClassaAreaa20 03 US NPPbRoot:shootc 10 6ha 10 6tha 1 yr 1 1 Cropland +Mosaicd 219 8 93 0. 31 8 2 Grassland 12 3 6 03 4.224 3 Mixed forest 38 11 59 ... classesClassaAreaa20 03 US NPPbHHVc 10 6ha 10 6tha 1 yr 1 EJ yr 1 1 Cropland +Mosaic 219 14 84.8 25.22 Pastures 12 3 14 2 .3 2.4 3 Remote vegetationd 16 0 724 .1 12 .3 4Foreste252 2 030 .0 ... Woody savannahe 33 16 94 0.6425 Open shrublandf 12 4 620 1. 0 63 6 Closed shrublandg 3 966 1. 0 63 7 Deciduous broadleaf forest 95 11 53 0.4568 Evergreen needleleaf forest 11 8 11 53 0.4 03 aTable 2.2...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 4 pot
... 5 .4 1, 603.00 12 .1 4, 307.65 30.2Feed 5, 842 .09 50.2 6 , 14 0.83 46 .4 5,657. 81 39.7Food 780. 24 6.7 829.90 6.3 8 61. 69 6.0HFCS 529.75 4. 6 528.60 4. 0 530.38 3.7Other 18 5 1. 6 19 0.20 1. 4 19 6.52 1. 4 Seed ... 6.0 7.0 8.0 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 2000 20 01 2002 2003 20 04 2005 2006 2007e Billions of gallons ... 530.38 3.7Other 18 5 1. 6 19 0.20 1. 4 19 6.52 1. 4 Seed 19 .30 0.2 20 .17 0.2 23.33 0.2Exports 1, 9 41 . 35 16 .7 2 , 14 7. 34 16 .2 1, 885.72 13 .2FAPRI U.S. and world agriculture outlook, 2007. 66 D. SwensonThere...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 5 potx
... of fuel 1 1. 45 1. 75 1. 40 1. 70 1. 45 1. 75 1. 40 1. 70Subsidy per MMBtu 12 .55 15 . 15 12 . 45 15 . 05 12 .70 15 .30 12 . 15 14 . 75 Subsidy per GJ 11 .90 14 . 35 11 .80 14 . 25 12 . 05 14 .50 11 .50 13 . 95 Subsidy as share ... displacedLow estimate 3 05 300 310 2 95 High estimate 1 (600) (59 5) (6 05) (58 5)Cellulosic hypothetical case – low 11 0 11 0 11 5 11 0Cellulosic hypothetical case – high 200 200 2 05 19 5 GHG displacement ... purchaseEuropean Climate Exchange4 12 –24 11 –22 11 –23 11 – 21 ECX – cellulosic 5 8 4–7 4–8 4–7Chicago Climate Exchange4 13 0– 256 80 15 7 81 16 0 84 16 7CCX – cellulosic 48–86 29 53 30 54 31 56 Cost...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 6 potx
... 19 26, Tryon 19 27, Cottrell 19 55, Boulding 19 66 , Georgescu Roegan 19 71, Odum 19 71, Daly 19 77, Herendeen and Bullard 19 75, Hannon 19 81, Kummel 19 82,Kummel 19 89, Jorgenson 19 84 and 19 88, Hall 19 91, ... Forecasting the limits to theavailability and diversity of global conventional oil supplies. Energy, 29, 16 73 16 96. Hannon B. (19 81) . Analysis of the energy cost of economic activities: 19 63 –2000. ... 19 82,Kummel 19 89, Jorgenson 19 84 and 19 88, Hall 19 91, Hall et al. 19 86 (and others),Cleveland 19 91, Dung 19 92, Ayers 19 96, Cleveland and Ruth 19 97, Hall 2000).While we are used to thinking about...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 7 pdf
... × 0.34 = 11 .2% of fossil fuels. And since fossil fuels supply 86% of all energy usedin the U.S., this 11 .2% is 0 .11 2% ì0.86 = 10 % of total energy used. 12 . Dr. Smallwood and K. Thelander reported ... http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf /solar. renewables/page/trends/table 11. html, and outputs from Table 12 at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf /solar. renewables/page/trends/table12.html, accessed 14 Mar. 07. 8. Dry wood has a slightly ... long history, as R. RapierAccsys Technologies PLC, 5000 Quorum Drive, Suite 310 , Dallas, TX 75 254e-mail: rrapier1@yahoo.comD. Pimentel (ed.), Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems,CSpringer...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 8 pdf
... Pimentel and Pimentel, 19 79; Morowitz, 19 79; Costanza, 19 80 ; Herendeen, 19 81 ; Smil, 19 83 ; 19 88 ). The term energy analysis, rather than energy accounting, was officiallycoined at the IFIAS workshop ... workshop of 19 74 (IFIAS, 19 74). The second energy cri-sis” in the 80 s led to a second wave of studies in the field (Costanza and Heren-deen, 19 84 ; Watt, 19 89 ; Adams, 19 88 ; Smil, 19 91, 2003; Hall ... Smil, 19 91, 2003; Hall et al., 19 86 ; Geveret al., 19 91; Debeir et al., 19 91; Mayumi, 19 91, 20 01; Odum, 19 96; Pimentel and Pimentel, 19 96; Herendeen, 19 98; Slesser and King, 2003). However, quite...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 9 pps
... 2005;Cleveland et al., 19 84, 2000; Costanza and Herendeen, 19 84; Gever et al., 19 91 ; Hall et al., 19 86; Jorgenson, 19 88; Kaufmann, 19 92 ). This literature is extremely 8 Complex Systems Thinking and Renewable ... ecology (Ayres and Simonis, 19 94 ; Duchin, 19 98 ; Martinez-Alier, 19 87), in particular in the field ofmatter and energy flow analysis (Adriaanse et al., 19 97 ; Fischer-Kowalski, 19 98 ;Matthews et ... work forcein 19 99 ); and (B) 11 7 millions hectares of agricultural land (this would be morethan 7 times the 15 .8 millions of agricultural area in production in Italy in 19 99 ).Please note that:...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 1 Part 10 pot
... boilers 7965 (12 45) 7325 (11 45) 7066 (11 04) 7706 (12 04)Intermediate 87 71 (13 70) 813 1 (12 70) 7872 (12 30) 8 512 (13 30)Advanced 9605 (15 01) 8965 (14 01) 8706 (13 60) 9346 (14 60)Values in parenthesis ... (P2O5) 23.0 kg 1 0. 61 per Kg 14 .0kgPotassium (K2O) 13 2.0 kg 1 0.44 per kg 58.1kgLime 15 00.0 kg 1 0 .13 per kg 19 5.0kgHerbicides 0.5 kg2 17 .20 per kg 8.6kgInsecticides 3.0 kg2 18 .10 per kg 54.3kgDiesel ... co-product energy Normal DistributionNEV with co-product energy Average: 1. 19 x 10 +4 Btu/GalSigma: 1. 89 x 10 +4 Btu/GalSigma: 1. 78 x 10 +4 Btu/GalAverage: –4.40 x 10 +3 Btu/Gal± 1 sigma...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 1 pot
... 12 Agriculture 2 3 14 3.33 10 +36 .29 10 +2 1 out of 1 Biofuel Production 3 1 13 7.84 ì 10 +2 1. 06 10 +2 2 out of 2 32 1 1. 12 10 +2 nvNet Greenhouse Gas Emission: 48 4 .23 10 +36.38 10 +2 4 out of 15 avalues ... Wetmilling:ECe=EDCe+EWCe 10 0 1 8 NEBCe=EGCeELICELC ELCe= 2. 8 3.8 ì 10 +6Btu/Acre 19 70 21 827 3 21 4 19 70 21 827 3 21 4Soybean toDieselSoybean only 10 1 1 8 NEBSd= EGSdELISELSELSd= 1. 4 10 +6Btu/Acre4770 51 727 6 21 8SwitchGrassto ... EthanolOperations/fuel 1 5 2. 27 10 +6nvProcess watertreatment 11 1 .23 10 +5nvTotal ELSd& Sd: 2. 39 10 +6nv∗With respect to k, n, pk ,and k, see Section 10 .2. 2 .2 for definitions and Section 10 .2. 4...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 2 ppsx
... payments, the land is planted in grasses, legumes and trees for management as wetlands, wildlife habitat, windbreaks, etc. 28 2 E. KesslerTable 11.1 Approximate heats of combustion and CO 2 emissions ... 1 42 34 61000 135000 zeroMethane 55 13 23 900 525 00 49Natural gas 54 13 23 000 5 120 0 49Propane 50 12 21500 47400 63M =one million; J =joules; 1kg-cal =3.96BTU; 1g-cal =4.19 joules; 1kg =2. 205lb; ... consulted on energy issues. He died in 20 04. 27 6 E. Kesslercorn because the ethanol has an important use as motor fuel, and corn has beenin surplus. 20 Argued in a different way, the inputs of energy...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 3 pot
... Nebraska68 038 –0 136 .Clery, D. (20 06). ITER’s $ 13 Billion Gamble, Science, 31 4, 5797, 23 8 24 2.Congressional Research Service (20 05). Alcohol Fuels Tax Incentives, CRS Order Code RL2979. 12 A Framework for Energy ... Bulletin,XX, 2. 5ff.Zweibel, K., Mason, J., & Fthenakis, V. (20 08). A Solar Grand Plan. American Scientist, 29 8, 1,64– 73. 29 2 E. Kesslerfewer human numbers indefinitely, and the solar power ... by 20 00. (Cleveland 20 01,Hall 20 03) . Anecdotally, from 20 05 to 20 06, the finding and production costs of themarginal barrel of oil in the US went from $15 to $35 per barrel. (Herold 20 07),and...
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Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems_Benefits and Risks Episode 2 Part 4 pptx
... 47 8.9Seedsa 20 00.0 kg 25 2 .2 Herbicides 3 .20 kg 45 1.66 144 5.3Insecticides 0 . 24 kg 363.83 87.3Vinasse disposal 180 m33. 64 656.0Transport of consumablesb 820 .0 kg 27 6.8Cane transportc 24 .7L 47 .73 20 58.0Total ... 4. 00 1.37 2. 92 139 .4 Interow weeding Valmet 1580 9 .20 2. 05 4. 49 21 4. 3Application ofherbicidesFord 46 10 4. 00 3.30 1 .21 57.9Total 8. 62 41 1.6Annual mean all field operationsb= 22 .3 10 64. 4aCalorific ... insecticideMF 27 5 4. 80 2. 52 1.90 91.0Application ofherbicidesFord 46 10 4. 00 3.30 1 .21 57.9Interow weeding Valmet 880 5.50 1 .44 3. 82 1 82. 4 Total 99.10 47 32. 7RatooncropRowing of trash MF 27 5 4. 00...
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