Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 10 pdf
Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 10 pdf
... perception 89 109 directness of 91Gestalt pattern perception 104 , 106 modelling 90–1phonology in 93 104 psycholinguistic theories 104 10 ‘Reading’ paradigm theories 110 ‘Soup’ paradigm theories 110 theories ... 33Sotillo, C. F. 3–4, 94 sound, and meaning, united in themental lexicon 91–3type of, and place of occurrence12 sound changes,directionality of 115prediction of 115–16sounds, and meaning 1, ... 71, 83Prunet, J F. 18, 59psycholinguistic model, of perception of words 91–3, 104 psycholinguistic theories, of speechperception 9, 104 10 146 Index‘fast speech’ rules 11–13, 17,51–2, 120see...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 8 pdf
... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi-mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non-native speakers of English. A reminder of the phonetic transcriptionfollows:[ÎvcskflHmply}d}dÚfl}z*mb<ÎvcbäkvtcÑÕ]All ... to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they cannot understand it. She cites anarticle in a 1971 English newspaper ... scope of change for each of the sister languages, it is more than coincidencethat it found its way into the standard system of each of them. AsDressler (p. 230) puts it, ‘The appearance of independence...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 1 pdf
... 126Bibliography 127Index 142Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting the Stage 3native speaker of English will agree that the word ‘first’ ... anembarrassing display of hubris) to attempt a recapitulation of whatis known.The following books (or others of a similar nature) should beassimilated before reading Sound Patterns of Spoken English: Clark, ... prior permission of the publisher.First published 2003 by Blackwell Publishing LtdLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataShockey, Linda. Sound patterns of spoken English / Linda...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 9 pot
... (1979) An acoustic study of medial /t,d/ inAmerican English, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66, 103 0–50.Zwicky, A. (1972a) Note on a phonological hierararchy in English. InR. P. Stockwell ... gestures in English /P,T,K/.Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences V,50–3.Cruttenden, A. (2001) Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. Arnold.Cutler, A. (1995) Spoken ... recognition of spoken words with variable representa-tions. In D. Duez (ed.), Sound Patterns of Spontaneous Speech. La Baumeles Aix, 83–92.130 BibliographyCutler, A. and Norris, D. (1988) The role of...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 7 doc
... achieved by alittle bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these,or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sortas well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter-ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word,but later still. The mean number of subsequent ... hearers are notcapable of determining the presence or absence of a particular seg-ment or feature. In gating, one truncates all but a small amount of the beginning of an utterance, then re-introduces...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 6 doc
... suggests thata → b, we often find, phonetically, cases of a, b, and a rainbow of intermediate stages, some of which cannot be detected by ear. Theysuggest that accents of the same language can ... understand theperceptual tradeoff between duration and frequency of F2.TappingZue and Laferriere (1979) looked at read tokens of medial /t, d/ invarious environments in Am. Of 250 chosen words, half ... sides of a screen. The lack of visual cues and the fact that the maps which the two parties arelooking at are somewhat different causes much repetition of thelandmark names under a variety of...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 5 docx
... several dif-ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developinga composite phonological theory. Lodge (1984) assumes ‘that Eng-lish is subject to a number of widespread phonological ... thenotion of preferred versus unpreferred ranking allows us the possi-bility of predicting which of the two outputs will be more frequent.This is a major improvement over the optional rule of generative68 ... goal of lookingat what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2.4.1 Production of Casual Speech4.1.1 General production studiesImpressionisticSome studies of the production of unmonitored...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 4 doc
... probabilities of application of a particular rule are a feature of an accent group rather than an individual. The relationship betweenthe language behaviour of a community and the mental grammar of an ... of language, like acquisition of otherskills, is a process of suppressing some of the behaviour which ispresent in all normal humans. For example, young babies can anddo make every vowel sound ... us to predict this will allow us to predictdegree of reduction, not only of vowels, but of consonant force.Metrical phonology provides a way of indicating both syllableboundaries and syllable...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 3 pot
... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz].The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main differencebeing that it is not actually unheard of ... loss of the habit of making the closure for theProcesses in Conversational English 35the word of as [vv] or even [wv], it is typically reduced to [v] whenfollowed by a consonant: ‘lots of ... decreasing the number of articulatedconsonant clusters. While it is claimed that there is a spectrum of different realizations of syllable-final /l/ in some accents of English so that ‘l’ vocalizes...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 2 ppt
... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (1982) runs tothree volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately20 Processes in Conversational English be called English, ... Re-calling the sound of Indian, Caribbean, Singaporean and African English, it is easy to convince oneself that while many people fromthese areas are native speakers of English, they do not sound likeeach ... against our very simplistic view of ‘fast speechdeletion’ is that there are very distinct patterns of reduction inconnected speech, related to type of sound and place of occurrence.If one were simply...
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