Is family planning necessary? ppsx

... can give is limited for she is a housewife and my father is not too keen on giving unending assistance to someone (my uncle) who is so irresponsible. So my uncle moans about his misfortune ... no one wants to help him. What he will not admit is that he is the cause of his own misery. He suffers the consequences of not planning his family. There are hundred of families that live ... and their well-being is looked after. The result of such care is so obvious. The children live in much better conditions. They are a joy to be with. At least there is less risk in getting some...

... 2008 24 VI. ISSUES IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING This section of the report will highlight the most important issues in mother and child health and family planning in ... Government of Haiti and the USAID Mission in Haiti for this opportunity to visit Haiti and learn about maternal and child health /family planning programs in this fascinating country. We also ... donors and the MSPP in detailed operational and strategic planning of key sectoral issues (e.g., family planning, neonatal health, logistics). 2. Consolidate gains in geographical areas currently...

... and Hispanic origin15–19 years:Hispanic 1,150 55.0 1,078 52.0Non-Hispanic white 5,962 49.5 5,693 47.1Non-Hispanic black 1,392 59.5 1,351 58.315–17 years:Hispanic 688 50.0 673 48.8Non-Hispanic ... 2.8Race and Hispanic originHispanic 3,524 100.0 41.2 45.7 6.9 2.5 3.6Non-Hispanic white 19,445 100.0 35.1 46.5 11.1 3.9 3.4Non-Hispanic black 6,141 100.0 23.7 52.5 14.7 6.0 3.1Non-Hispanic other ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬...

... certain family planning method. The objective of this survey is to explore women's attitudes towards postfertilizationeffects of family planning methods, and beliefs and characteristics ... by family planning methods. Itmay be difficult to assess such personal beliefs within thetime constraints of the family planning clinics. On theother hand, a client is potentially done a disservice ... surgical abortion were listed among birthcontrol or family planning methods and the question-naire did not provide any specific definition of either birthcontrol or family planning. We are aware...

... unprotected intercourse carries a transmission risk in both HIV-serodiscordant and HIV–concordant couples. In practice, this risk is difficult to quantify precisely for a heterosexual couple in ... difficult to raise in clinics.148 These concerns should be discussed with HIV positive men and women. Family Planning and Termination of Pregnancy HIV provision in family planning and termination ... enzyme-inducing drugs should be advised that an emergency IUD is the preferred option for emergency contraception as this method is unaffected by concomitant drug use. If this is not acceptable Joint...

... first family planning visit and percent distribution, by selected characteristics: United States, 2002 125 87. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percentage who received at least 1 family planning ... 3 women who had a family planning service had their first family planning visit before they were 18 years of age (table 86). Tables 87–96 show data on use of family planning and other medical ... percent. In this report, percentages are not shown if the denominator is less than 75 cases or the numerator is less than 5 cases. When a percentage or other statistic is not shown for this reason,...

... stock-outs of key family planning commodities and constraining ongoing efforts to address misconceptions about family planning. 9 The high unmet need for modern family planning in Tanzania, ... (cPAC) clients receiving family planning information. By integrating family planning into its work, ATP is emphasizing the importance of service delivery and family planning outreach and enhancing ... integration is the lack of integrated funding streams, especially given the vast discrepancy in funding for family planning versus HIV in Tanzania. To further promote the process of family planning HIV...

... visit, if indicatedTitle XIX family planning providers must use one of the following procedure codes based on the complexity of the visit with a family planning diagnosis for other family planning ... Important: Only the annual family planning examination requires modifier FP. All other family planning office visits do not. One annual family planning examination is allowed per year. Claims ... pharmacy. Family planning drugs and supplies that are dispensed directly to the client must be billed to TMHP. Only family planning agencies may be reimbursed for dispensing family planning drugs...

... such as family welfare” or family health” are more amenable to their constituents than family planning. ” Egypt had more successpresenting family planning as a solution to health issues, rather ... exhaustive searchof Islamic writings, including the Koran, to develop Reproductive Health Issues in Nigeria: The Islamic Perspectives. This handbookoutlines modern family planning and reproductive ... Due to these statistics, this is a priority region for Pathfinder, but these traditionalcommunities are wary of outside influence, especially in the sensitive area of family planning. To earn...

... improved outcomes compared to this historical benchmark. This approach requires commissioners and service providers to be confident that the historical cohort is similar enough to the target ... reoffending is reduced by at least 10% in comparison to a matched control group. This was to ensure that any result was statistically significant. This method transfers the highest level of risk to ... as usual. Historical benchmarks are best when there is a reasonably stable population with consistent level of outcomes over a number of years. Given significant progress in family planning outcomes...