... 1TIn'I 4 1500 Z " ;-& quot; 1000 EL -6 O ._1 500 Vmo/L = -* - 0.0 cubic element 0.0 / ' *- .001 present element .005 J -* - .010" I I I I 0 -1 0 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 -5 0 ... z2q( 2-) q) + 2Co )2 + C2Co )2 (16) 4(1 - q n'(1 - q 2(Cl + c2)(cl - c2 the axial force parameter, q, can be written as, ~2Fu )2 )2 VmO ] q=~-L~-b~(Ol+02 -b2(0 ,-0 2 -bvs ~(O~-O2)-bvv(~) ... (1990). Nonlinear analysis of thin-walled structures using least element/member, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 116:1, 21 5-2 34. Australian Standards (1990). AS410 0-1 990, Steel Structures, ...