Chapter 040 Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 13) pdf
Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 13) pdf
... fissure, painful hemorrhoids Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 13) CONSTIPATION Definition Constipation is a common complaint in clinical practice and usually refers to persistent, ... impairment and result in inactivity or physical immobility. Table 40-5 Causes of Constipation in Adults Types of Constipation and Causes Examples Recent onset Colonic obstruction Neoplasm; stricture: ... of the disordered defecation. Constipation of any cause may be exacerbated by hospitalization or chronic illnesses that lead to physical or mental impairment and result in inactivity or physical...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 5) pdf
... (ed): Textbook of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003; and DR Syndman, in SL Gorbach (ed): Infectious Diarrhea. London, Blackwell, 1986. ... Campylobacter, Shigella, and Yersinia. Yersiniosis may also lead to an autoimmune-type thyroiditis, pericarditis, and glomerulonephritis. Both enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7) and Shigella can ... complication of infectious diarrhea. Acute diarrhea can also be a major symptom of several systemic infections including viral hepatitis, listeriosis, legionellosis, and toxic shock syndrome....
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 9) pdf
... (e.g., colchicine, cholestyramine, neomycin), and chronic ischemia. Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 9) OSMOTIC CAUSES Osmotic diarrhea occurs when ingested, poorly absorbable, ... associated with arthralgias, fever, lymphadenopathy, and extreme fatigue and may affect the central nervous system and endocardium. A similar clinical and histologic picture results from Mycobacterium ... gluten-sensitive enteropathy affects all ages and is characterized by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in the proximal small bowel and can present with fatty diarrhea associated with multiple nutritional...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 16) pdf
... sphincters and an assessment of pelvic floor relaxation are the tools for evaluating patients in whom obstructed defecation is suspected. Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 16) ... scintigraphic expulsion of artificial stool help measure perineal descent and the rectoanal angle during rest, squeezing, and straining, and scintigraphic expulsion quantitates the amount of "artificial ... chronic, long-standing straining. Constipation is common among patients with spinal cord injuries, neurologic diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy....
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 1) docx
... complex. Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 40. Diarrhea and Constipation DIARRHEA AND CONSTIPATION: INTRODUCTION Diarrhea and constipation ... surveys put prevalence rates for chronic diarrhea at 2–7% and for chronic constipation at 12–19%, with women being affected twice as often as men. Diarrhea and constipation are among the most common ... patient complaints faced by internists and primary care physicians, and they account for nearly 50% of referrals to gastroenterologists. Although diarrhea and constipation may present as mere nuisance...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 3) pps
... Diarrhea and urgency, especially if severe, may aggravate or cause incontinence. Pseudodiarrhea and fecal incontinence occur at prevalence rates ... comparable to or higher than that of chronic diarrhea and should always be considered in patients complaining of " ;diarrhea. " Overflow diarrhea may occur in nursing home patients due ... examination. A careful history and physical examination generally allow these conditions to be discriminated from true diarrhea. DIARRHEA Definition Diarrhea is loosely defined as passage...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 7) ppt
... viruses, and parasites, Brainerd diarrhea) Radiation injury Gastrointestinal malignancies Dysmotile causes Irritable bowel syndrome Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 7) ACUTE DIARRHEA: ... antibiotics and dosage regimens are otherwise dictated by specific pathogens, geographic patterns of resistance, and conditions found (Chaps. 122, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, and 152). ... Judicious use of antibiotics is appropriate in selected instances of acute diarrhea and may reduce its severity and duration (Fig. 40-2). Many physicians treat moderately to severely ill patients...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 2) potx
... Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 2) Neural Control The small intestine and colon have intrinsic and extrinsic innervation. The intrinsic ... the small intestine and colon are part of the autonomic nervous system and also modulate motor and secretory functions. The parasympathetic nerves convey visceral sensory and excitatory pathways ... non-neural mediators regulate colonic fluid and electrolyte balance, including cholinergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic mediators. Angiotensin and aldosterone also influence colonic absorption,...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 4) docx
... Vibrio species and Yersinia infections and should avoid raw fish. 4. Daycare attendees and their family members. Infections with Shigella, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, and other agents ... less, and abdominal cramping or bloating is greater; fever is higher with the latter. Cytotoxin-producing and invasive microorganisms all cause high fever and abdominal pain. Invasive bacteria and ... severe and protracted diarrheal illness, and, particularly in persons with AIDS, opportunistic infections, such as by Mycobacterium species, certain viruses (cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and herpes...
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Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 6) doc
... management of acute diarrhea. Consider empirical Rx before evaluation with (*) metronidazole and with (t) quinolone. WBCs, white blood cells. Chapter 040. Diarrhea and Constipation (Part 6) OTHER ... evaluate acute diarrhea depends on its severity and duration and on various host factors (Fig. 40-2). Most episodes of acute diarrhea are mild and self-limited and do not justify the cost and potential ... amanita and other mushrooms, arsenic, and preformed environmental toxins in seafood, such as ciguatera and scombroid. Conditions causing chronic diarrhea can also be confused with acute diarrhea...
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