Insect Ecology - An Ecosystem Approach 2nd ed - Chapter 3 docx

... “natural” ecosystems on all con-tinents. Many herbivorous insects and mites have arrived on agricultural orforestry products and become plant pests in agroecosystems or forests.Some her-bivorous and ... ornamental plants and their associated exotic insects andpathogens. Exotic or native ornamental species usually are stressed by soil com-paction, air and water pollutants, elevated urban temperatures, ... (Fig.7.9).Mound den-sities were significantly highest along dirt roads not covered by forest canopy andlowest along roads covered by forest canopy. Powerline and graveled or pavedroads not covered by forest...

... displacement of small-seeded plants (on which ants specialize) by large-seeded plants (on which rodents specialize) in the absence of rodents. Antremoval led to higher densities of small-seeded species, ... 1994, see Chapter 13) .Insects are an important food source for a variety of other organisms. Car-nivorous plants generally are associated with nitrogen-poor habitats and dependon insects for ... considered in the sense of an animal killing and eating otheranimals (Fig. 8 .3) , predation applies equally well to carnivorous plants that killand consume insect prey and to herbivores that kill and...

... particular tolerances to disturbance or postdistur-bance conditions (see Chapter 2). Often, legacies from the predisturbance com-munity (such as buried rhizomes, seed banks, woody litter, and animals ... increased grass growth,and subsequentlydeclined, as the abundance of forbs increased.Schowalter (1994, 1995), Schowalter and Crossley (1988), and Schowalter andGanio (20 03) reported that sap-sucking ... converged toward significantlygreater similarity in structure following fire in a grassland ecosystem than pre-dicted by a random model. Fukami et al. (2001) modeled compartmentalizedcommunities and...