Chapter 012 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) pps
Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) pps
... 600–1200 q 8 h Oxcarbazine 300 bid Pregabalin 150–600 bid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) Sympathetically Maintained Pain Patients with peripheral nerve ... soft tissue trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Chap. 370). Although the pathophysiology of this condition is poorly understood, the pain and the signs of inflammation are rapidly relieved ... hyperactivity should be sought in patients with posttraumatic pain and inflammation and no other obvious explanation. Acute Pain: Treatment The ideal treatment for any pain is to remove the...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 2) pot
... messengers of threats to tissue injury but also play an active role in Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 2) Sensitization When intense, repeated, or prolonged stimuli ... nociceptors is lowered and the frequency of firing is higher for all stimulus intensities. Inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, nerve growth factor, some prostaglandins, and leukotrienes contribute ... nociceptors, and their characteristic properties may explain how under pathologic conditions the relatively insensitive deep structures can become the source of severe and debilitating pain and tenderness....
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 4) pot
... this pain-modulating circuit contain endogenous opioid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 4) Pain transmission and modulatory pathways. A. Transmission system for nociceptive ... significant analgesic effect (placebo). On the other hand, many patients find even minor injuries (such as venipuncture) frightening and unbearable, and the expectation of pain has been demonstrated ... are often severe and are notoriously intractable to standard treatments for pain. Neuropathic pains typically have an unusual burning, tingling, or electric shock–like quality and may be triggered...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 6) pptx
... platelet-mediated blood clotting and are thus associated with increased Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 6) aAntidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antiarrhythmics have not ... of compounds in the management of acute severe pain. Ketorolac is sufficiently potent and rapid in onset to supplant opioids for many patients with acute severe headache and musculoskeletal ... effect of aspirin and NSAIDs and is the problem that most frequently limits the dose that can be given. Gastric irritation is most severe with aspirin, which may cause erosion and ulceration...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) pptx
... headachea Rheumatoid arthritisa,b Chronic low back painb Cancer Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) Antidepressant Medications The tricyclic antidepressants ... degree of tolerance and physical dependence are likely with long-term use. Therefore, before embarking on opioid therapy, other options should be explored, and the limitations and risks of opioids ... effects of tricyclics. Anticonvulsants and Antiarrhythmics These drugs are useful primarily for patients with neuropathic pain. Phenytoin (Dilantin) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) were first...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 9) docx
... selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ 332:1302, 2006 [PMID: ... Macintyre PE: Safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia. Br J Anaesth 87:36, 2001 [PMID: 11460812] Wager TD et al: Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of ... Baron R et al: Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? Muscle Nerve Wallace MS: Diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 1) pptx
... tissue damage, the quality, time course, and location of a patient's pain complaint and the location of tenderness provide important diagnostic clues and are used to evaluate the response ... properties illustrate the duality of pain: it is both sensation and emotion. When acute, pain is characteristically associated with behavioral arousal and a stress response consisting of increased ... small-diameter myelinated A-delta (Aδ) and the unmyelinated (C fiber) axons (Fig. 12-1). These fibers are present in nerves to the skin and to deep somatic and visceral structures. Some tissues,...
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Energy Technology and Management Part 5 docx
... by Fuzzy Multiobjective and Tabu Search 71 and 53 with capacities of 300, 200, 100, and 400 kW, respectively. The base values for voltage and power are 12.66 kV and 100 MVA. Each branch ... feeder reconfiguration and offers decision makers some flexibility to incorporate their own judgment and priority in the optimization model. Energy Technology and Management 90The large ... transamidation and reduction-oxidation reactions are exemplified, which are also essential both in industrial chemistry and biochemistry. In order to understand the energy flow and determine...
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Waste Water Evaluation and Management Part 5 docx
... NAD+- and GSH-dependent and bacterial dye-linked NAD+ and GSH-independent, are widely used for bioanalytical purposes (Ben Ali et al., 2006, 2007; Winter and Cammann, 1989; Vastarella and Nicastri, ... al., 19 95) and various strains of Methylotropha (Attwood & Quayle, 1984); the yeasts of genera Debariomyces and Trichosporon (Kato et al., 1982), Hansenula (van Dijken et al., 19 75), Candida ... 20 05). The development of appropriate technologies for the treatment of FA discharged Waste Water - Evaluation and Management 116 that we breathe at home and at work, in the food we eat, and...
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Chapter 026. Confusion and Delirium (Part 5) pps
... delirium, and mild derangements can lead to substantial cognitive disturbances in susceptible individuals. Other common metabolic etiologies include liver and renal failure, hypercarbia and hypoxia, ... and hypoxia, vitamin deficiencies of thiamine and B12, autoimmune disorders including CNS vasculitis, and endocrinopathies such as thyroid and adrenal disorders. Systemic infections often ... of a multifactorial delirium and should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion after all other causes have been thoroughly investigated. Many primary prevention and treatment strategies for...
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