... AnimalSystematics and Population Studies, Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1986.Robison, S.H., Cantoni, O., and Costa, M.,Analysis of metal-induced DNAlesions and DNA-repair replicationin mammalian ... (NCRP1993).17.2.3 MUTATION RATES AND ACCUMULATIONThe natural rate at which mutations appear varies among genes and species. Rates for bacteriophage,bacteria, and vertebrate species range from 4 ×10−10to ... provided in Table 17.2:aspartate aminotransferase(Aat), adenosine deaminase (Ada), esterase (Est), glycylleucine pep-tidase (gl), hexokinase (Hk), isocitrate dehydrogenase (Icd-I and Icd-2), leucylglycylglycinepeptidase...