... refer to the “cost” of an algorithm as shorthand for the “value of the quantity inquestion” when the context allows.e next step is to model the input to the program, to form a basis for the mathematical ... research papers led to a survey paper, then to a monograph, then to a book, then to two books, then to a life’s work, I learned, as many studentsand collaborators around the world have learned, ... challenges of the eld and the background needed to learn the advanced tools being developed to meetthese challenges. Supplemented by papers from the literature, the book canserve as the basis...