the mit press organisms and artifacts design in nature and elsewhere apr 2004

... University ORGANISMS AND ARTIFACTS Lewens The MIT Press Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02142http://mitpress .mit. edue ORGANISMS AND ARTIFACTS Tim LEWENSe Design in Nature ... 12:19 Organisms and Artifacts Design in Nature and Elsewhere Tim LewensA Bradford Book The MIT Press Cambridge, MassachusettsLondon, EnglandLewens-79044 book October 15, 2003 12:23Meaning and the ... question the intuitions of biologists and well-informedphilosophers of biology—could be essential to recovering the role of the term in the theory, and hence its meaning in this sense. Still, these...

the mit press information arts intersections of art science and technology nov 2001

... codification into laws or principles(wherever possible precisely expressed in the language of mathematics); and the continu-ous testing and refinement of hypotheses. The underlying assumptions of the ... validity, they point to the accomplishments of the scientific worldview in building robust, cross-substantiatingtheoretical structures, and in predicting and controlling the material and organicworld.Any ... while the optimism of scientists and technologistsreflects their engagement in the processes of imagining, inventing, developing, and en-abling the new technologies.Artists who work with emerging...

the mit press group cognition computer support for building collaborative knowledge apr 2006

... appears in the group discourse itself, ratherthan theorizing about what takes place in the minds of the individual participants. The notion that it is important to take the group, rather than the individual, ... University and were published on various speciﬁc occasions. In bringing them together, I have tried to retain the different voices and perspec-tives that they expressed in their original situations. They ... networks bring people together in global knowledge-building communities and support the interaction of their ideas in ways that help to transform the opin-ions of individuals into the knowledge...

the mit press coherence in thought and action nov 2000

... Coherence in Philosophy and PsychologyAt the start of the twentieth century, the disciplines of psy-chology and philosophy were beginning to separate fromeach other. Originating in the laboratories ... complementarymeanings to different words in a way that forms a coher-ent whole. For example, the sentence The pen is in the bank” can mean that the writing implement is in the ﬁnan-cial institution, but in ... mean that the animal containment is in the side of the river. In thiscoherence problem, the elements are different meanings ofwords, and the positive constraints are given by meaningconnections...

the mit press design and destiny jewish and christian perspectives on human germline modification mar 2008

... approach is to insert just the DNA strand itself into the cell by microinjection. Another is to package the DNA in a tiny capsule of fatty substance that can pass into the cell. These and other techniques ... humanity. They draw upon the resources of traditional Judaism and Christianity to reﬂ ect on the meaning and destiny of human life, the values and principles that guide human behavior, and the meaning ... powers, and to seek broad access to the beneﬁ ts of technologically advanced medicine. All these things religion does in individual lives and in communities of faith, and in so doing affects the...

the mit press environmental justice and sustainability in the former soviet union jun 2009

... assessment of the project documentation,’’ asspeciﬁed in the Land-Planning Code, and no other type. This seeminglyinnocuous change in effect eliminates the requirement for the OVOS orany other kind ... which the two codes treat the rights of landowners and lessees, on the one hand, and the vagueness and paucity of detail with which the framework laws treat indigenous peo-ples’ rights, on the other. ... ananthropologist by training and the person responsible for relations be-tween this company and the indigenous Nenets people, asserted in 2003that it was in the interests of the state to make these laws...

the mit press poverty inequality and policy in latin america feb 2009

... than the poorest, whereas the ratio is only 1.7 in the southeast. De Vreyer and Spielvogel ﬁnd that over the peri od 1970–1996 inequality increased in the north and the northeast regions and decreased ... income inequality in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa areamong the highest in the world, but the characteristics and sources ofinequality differ distinctively. The Colonial Origins of Inequality ... FrankemaTaylor and Hudson 1Deininger and Olinto 0,79 1Frankema 0,78 0,90 1Sources: Taylor and Hudson (1972, 267 269), Deininger and Olinto (2001, 24) and appendix table A1.1. The Colonial Origins of Inequality...

the mit press emergence contemporary readings in philosophy and science apr 2008

... ‘‘mechanists’’ and the emergentists of the Deborin School,headed by A. M. Deborin.11 The Deborin School spoke of the emergence of new forms in nature, and maintained that the mechanists ‘‘neglected the ... from The Sciences of the Arti-ﬁcial, third edition. Copyright ( 1996 by the MIT Press. Reprinted by permission of the MIT Press. 14. ‘ The Theory of Everything’’ by Robert B. Laughlin and David ... Pro-ceedings of the First European Conference on Artiﬁcal Life, edited by Varela and Bourgine.Copyright ( 1992 by the MIT Press. Reprinted by permission of the MIT Press, AndrewAssad, and Norman...

the mit press design concepts in programming languages aug 2008

... > and < in the ﬁrst example), keywords (then, else, and endif delimit the test, then, and else parts of the ﬁrst conditional), orexplicit matched delimiter pairs (such as the parentheses and ... labeled + and * as the sum and product of the values oftheir subnodes. Then the root of the tree stands for (1+11)·10 = 120. But thereare many other possible meanings for this tree. If * stands ... the structure of a programming lan-guage phrase and what the phrase means. Such phrases have no inherent mean-ing: their meaning is determined only in the context of a system for interpretingtheir...

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the mit press knowledge possibility and consciousness apr 2001

... systematically involved in pickingup and storing information from perception and discourse,processing information, imagining, remembering, planning,daydreaming, and every other activity that ... the two ways ofthinking involved. If the physicalist can explain the knowl-edge in the one case, and the possibility in the other, by ap-peal to two ways of thinking of a single state, he ought ... that zombies gointo when they cut themselves or stub their toes. This statemakes them do the things we do when we are in pain. Theycurse and jump up and down and hold the injured part. Thisstate...

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