the mit press neither brain nor ghost a nondualist alternative to the mind-brain identity theory aug 2005

... Dewey's pragmatism and dynamical systems theory, he proposes a bold alternative to Cartesian materialism that deserves careful scrutiny." J. A. Scott Kelso, Glenwood and Martha Creech ... Neither Brain nor Ghost - The MIT Press " ;A new view of mind is in the air. Teed Rockwell has sensed it and articulated it beautifully in this book. Using a powerful combination of ... Creech Chair in Science and Director, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University Of Related Interest: Communicative Action and Rational Choice Joseph Heath...

... temples and gardensin Kyoto. I was also drawn to it because I had seen that Zen had shaped the cultural life of Japan in many influential ways. There was one final crucialfactor: the opportunity to ... no final pat answers. Asbefore, a few testable hypotheses are ventured. Page xvi lists the chapters thatcontain the m. The MIT Press Cambridge, MassachusettsLondon, England To my early teachers ... point readily to another person’s body parts in a photograph, or even to the appropriate parts of a doll. Therefore, theirs was not some general inabilityeither to identify, or to locate, or to point.Instead,...

... Paul Hofmann, Dale Jorgenson, Henning Kagermann, David Verrill, and Taku Tamura for sharing insights and suggestions. Most of all, we would like to thank Martha Pavlakis and Galit Sarfaty ... have a ways to go.In the late 1990s, there was a fi nancial bubble in the technology sector. One need not look further than the rise and fall of the NASDAQ index (fi gure 1.1), the rise and subsequent ... people can vary highly, depending on the time of day—something that standard calculations do not take into account. The US government does attempt to calculate the value of transactions that occur...

... by generating fiscal and trade imbalances. The changing exchange rate eventually restores a steady state. As Chart 4 shows, and as is clearly implied by equations 25) and 26), the share of $ ... issued in either country. All parameters in these arrays are constrained according to Tobinesque principles so that the sum of constants is equal to one and the sum of each of the other columns ... until all changes in stock and flow variables cease and the balance of trade reverts to zero. Output in the # country has been permanently raised. Fiscal policy and also monetary policy in the...

... andraise living standards.12Controls at all levels of governance, from the local to the national to the global, can help to direct globalization,enhancing the benefits and limiting the drawbacks.13For ... Sharon Goad,Joshua Gordon, Jeca Glor-Bell, and Sanushka Mudaliar also helpedimmeasurably with the research. We are grateful to the AustralianResearch Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities ... environmental change and the possible options—both theoretical andpractical—for managing it.These are “ideal” categories, exaggerated to help differentiate between them. They are designed as tools to...

... respond to those who say that science in general and the humansciences in particular disenchant the world in the sense that they takeaway all the meaning and significance that magical, wishful stories ... spooky about there being more relations that are real,and that matter, than relations that are causal. Furthermore, we are goodat tracking all the latter relations, and doing so helps us to make ... giving values to the variables. This characteriza-tion of what a Goodman set consists of (spaces of meaning) and what ittaken as a whole is (the Space of Meaning for a group) has clear empiricalimplications....

... 4.2Page43alternatives.Whenonemodelsreceptivityasaconnection,thereceptiveconnectiondoestheworkofthecausalconnection,andcausationemergesbydetailingtheconditionsunderwhichthisconnectionmightbindtwoormoreeffectivestates.Modelingreceptivityinthewaydescribedaboveyieldsseveralimportantexplanatorybenefits.Amongtheseare,1)Itenablesthetheorytosidestepquestionsaboutaddingfurtherconditionsfordecidingwhenanindividualisreceptivetoanotherindividual(e.g.,spatiotemporalcontiguity)overandabovesharingareceptiveconnection.Thisallowsittotakeasimplerformbymakingfewerassumptionsattheoutset,andultimatelymakesitmorecompatiblewithmodernphysics.2)Ityieldsasimpleinductivedefinitionofnaturalindividuationthatenablesthetheorytoelegantlymodellevelsofnature,wherethoselevelseachcontainirreducibleindividualswithirreducibleaspects.Thedefinitionisasfollows:anindividualisanaturalindividualIFFBasecase:Itisaninstanceofabasiceffectiveproperty.Inductivecase:Itisasetofnaturalindividualsthatshareacommonreceptiveconnection.3)Ityieldsatopologytothecausalmeshthatincreasestheexplanatorypowerofthetheorybyallowingforareductionofthefactsaboutspacetimetofactsaboutcausalconnectionandcausalsignificance.4)Ityieldsastructureforthecausalnexusthattiesintothehypothesisthatconsciousnessisacarrierforcausalcontent,anddoessoatadeepanddetailedlevel.Itis,finally,amistaketothinkthatwecanknowthat"zombies"couldexist—wherezombiesareunderstoodtobecreaturesthathavenoexperientialpropertiesalthoughtheyare ... purelyonthebasisofcompetencywiththerelevantconcepts)ordescriptionsofunderlyingmicrophysicalphenomena.Nosuchderivationof(8)ispossible.Thusthedifferencebetweenthetwocasesisthis.Inthecaseofwater,thecrucialbridgepremiseisitselfsusceptibleofexplanation,whereasthisisnotthecasewithqualia.Letmeelaborate.Onthisaccount,statement(5)canbederivedinsomethinglikethefollowingmanner:(i)Wateristhestuffthatmanifeststhe"watery"properties(ii)H2Omanifeststhe"watery"properties(5)WaterisH2OBythe"wateryproperties"Imeanwhateversuperficialpropertiestheyarebywhichwenormallyidentifywater(e.g.,liquidityatroomtemperature,beinglocatedinlakesandoceans,fallingfromthesky,etc.).Therearetwocrucialfeaturesofpremise(i)thatareresponsibleforthisderivationconstitutinganadequateexplanationof(5):itisanalytic,and"watery"isultimatelycharacterizablein"topic-neutral"terms.mentalpropertiesaremetaphysicallyirreducibletophysicalproperties,stilltheydodemonstratethatwelackanexplanationofthementalintermsofthephysical.Theideaisthis.Itseemsconceivablethattherecouldbeacreaturephysicallylikeus(orfunctionallylikeus)andyetforwhichthereisnothingitisliketobethiscreature;or,forwhomsensorystatesareverydifferentfromwhattheyarelikeforus.Ifwereallyunderstoodwhatitisaboutourphysical,orfunctionalstructurethatisresponsibleforoursensorystatesbeinglikewhatthey'relike(orbeinglikeanythingatall),thenitwouldnolongerbeconceivablethatsuchacreaturecouldexist.Thuswhattheconceivabilityargumentdemonstratesistheexistenceofanexplanatorygapbetweenthementalandthephysical.3InthischapterIwanttoconsideranobjectiontotheexplanatorygapargument.Accordingtotheobjection,thereisnoexplanatorygapbecausethephenomenonthatPage4isallegedlylackinganexplanationisnotreallyapropercandidateforexplanation.Inordertopresenttheobjection,Iwillfirstneedtopresenttheoriginalexplanatorygapargumentinalittledetail.Afterpresentingtheobjection,I'llarguethatitdoesn'tsucceedinremovingtheproblem.Finally,I'llbrieflyexploretheimplicationsofmyreplytotheobjectionforthemetaphysicalquestionconcerningtheactualidentityofmentalpropertieswithphysical(orfunctional)properties.1—WaterVs.QualiaOnewaytoappreciatetheexplanatorygapistocontrastthecaseofexplainingtheexistenceofvarioussensoryqualia(e.g.,thewaypainfeels,orthewayredthingslook)intermsofunderlyingphysical(orcomputational)processeswiththecaseofexplainingothermacrophenomenaintermsofunderlyingmicrophysicalprocesses.So,forinstance,let'scomparehowweexplaintheboilingpointofwateratsealevelwithhowwemightexplainthereddishcharacterofcertainvisualsensations.Considerthen,thefollowingtwoexplanationsketches:ESI:BoilingPointofWater(1)H2OmoleculesexertvaporpressurePatkineticenergyE(2)AtsealevelexertingvaporpressurePcausesmoleculestorapidlyescapeintoair(3)Rapidlyescapingintoairisboiling(4)212°F.iskineticenergyE(5)WaterisH2O(6)Waterboilsat212°F.atsealevelESII:PresenceofReddishQualiaC.LarryHardinDepartmentofPhilosophySyracuseUniversitySyracuse,NY13244CharlesA.HeywoodDepartmentofPsychologyScienceLaboratoriesSouthRoad,Durham,DH13LE,UKMasayukiHirafujiComputationalModelingLabDept.ofInformationScience,N .A. R.C.3-1-1Kannondai,Tsukuba,Ibaraki,305JapanPagexviNicholasHumphreyDepartmentofPsychologyNewSchoolforSocialResearch65FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10003HarryT.HuntDepartmentofPsychologyBrockUniversitySt.Catherines,OntarioL2S 3A1 CanadaPietHutInstituteforAdvancedStudyOldenLanePrinceton,NJ08540AlfredW.KaszniakDepartmentsofPsychologyandPsychiatryTheUniversityofArizonaTucson,AZ85721RobertW.KentridgeDepartmentofPsychologyScienceLaboratoriesSouthRoad,Durham,DH13LE,UKStanleyA.KleinVisionScienceUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley ... Tomakethestrategywork,themotivationforintroducingtheseextrafactsshouldbeindependentofthemind-bodyproblem.Otherwisethetheoryislikelytoseem—andprobablybe—indulgent,andwillcompetepoorlyinthemarketplaceofideas.Thesecondchallengeistoavoidthedualistdilemma.Whateverfactsoneintroducesmustbetiedtothephysicalfactsinawaythatdoesnotmakethemcausallyirrelevent,orspookilyinteractive.Thethirdchallengeistoberelevanttotheexplanatorygap.Thetheorymustgivereasonswhythesefurtherfactsaboutthephysical,whoseexistenceonehasindependentreasontobelievein,mayfilltheexplanatorygapbetweenthephysicalandphenomenalfacts.III—ThePhysicsof...

... rendering the soul exp lanatorilyredundant has been the bane of post-Cartesian dualism.What about dualism appealed to Descartes? First, he was particularly im-pressed by the human capacity for reasoning ... rather than better, and becaus e, in the explanatory realm, it was vastly outclassed in explanatory and predictive powerby the theory that heat is a matter of molecular motion . The fit of the ... however, takes the software/hardware analogy to license assurancethat neuroscientific data will not be useful. As noted, the analogy stipulates thatneuroscientific data pertain to implementation rather...

... what literacy means in relation to software: The ability to “read” a medium means you can access materials and tools created by others. The ability to “write” in a medium means you can generate ... make programming tedious and can make programs diffi cult to read. Instead of using multiple variable names, we can use arrays. An array can store a list of data elements as a single name. A ... strives to make it possible and advantageous for people within the visual arts to learn how to build their own tools to become software literate. Alan Kay, a pioneer at Xerox PARC and Apple, explains...

... the brain; we canthen marshal the available data from anatomy and neurophysiologyPart I: Background The Elements of Brain Theory and Neural NetworksMichael A. ArbibII.3. Brain, Behavior, and ... commands to contract the muscles of an animal areusually arranged in pairs. The contraction of one member of the pair will then act around a pivot to cause the expansion of the othermember of the ... in the liver monitor glucose, while othersin the kidney check water balance. Receptors in the hypothalamus,itself a part of the brain, also check the balance of water and sugar. The hypothalamus...