... pattern in Figure 1.5. With greater degreesof freedom, the tails of the sampling distribution are pulled in towardthe center point, reflecting less variability, a smaller standard error, andless ... sta-tistical package incorrectly reports “.000”; other programs, such as SAS and R, handle thisissue in more appropriate ways. Second, reporting exact p values can be inconvenientwhen results ... actuallyless informative than the population mean because the former involvesan overwhelming amount of information whereas the latter capturesan important aspect of that information in a single number....