... processing pipeline, before locks are acquired.Any time a sequencer component receives a request for a trans-action that may incur a disk stall, it introduces an artificial delaybefore forwarding the ... ensuing 2PC in perfectlockstep)Therefore, the model does not establish a specific comparison point for our system, but a strong lower bound on the slowdown for suchasystem. InanactualSystemR*-stylesystem,onemightexpectto ... applications). Like Calvin, Spinnakeruses ZooKeeper [15] for its Paxos implementation. Since they arenot deterministic systems, both Megastore and Spinnaker must usePaxos to replicate transactional...